BIOL214- Nervous System

basic unit

neuron

neuroglia

supports neurons

dendrite

axon hillock

nodes of ranvier

myelin sheath

axon

axon terminals

neurolemma

axon membrane

fibrils of axon

astrocyte

regulates what enters CNS

microglia

destroys pathogens and debris in CNS

oligodendrocytes

provides myelin sheath around axon in CNS

ependymal

produces cerebral spinal fluid in CNS

shwann

provides myelin sheath in PNS (similar to oligodendrocyte)

satellite

regulates material exchange in PNS (similar to astrocyte)

neurotransmitter

chemical messengers that are stored in synaptic vessels

post-synaptic membrane

dendrite, muscles, or endocrine gland

endoneurium

perineurim

epineurium

cerebrum

responsible for conscious thought and higher learning

gyrus

fold

sulcus

valley

corpus callosum

connects the left and right hemispheres in the brain

gray matter

white matter

cerebellum

monitors body position and coordinate movement

arbor vitae

branching structures that look like trees

diencephalon

forebrain

thalamus

interpreting sensory information

hypothalamus

emotions and instincts

brain stem

conducts basic house keeping and survival tasks of body

mesencephalon

subconscious processing visual and auditory reflexes (midbrain)

pons

relay station

medulla

coordinate breathing an heart patterns, swallowing reflex

ventricles

produce and circulate CSF

lateral ventricles

third ventricles

cerebral aqueduct

fourth ventricle

lateral apertures

central canal of spinal cord

choroid plexus

tangled mass of capillaries hanging from roof of third and fourth ventricles

dura mater

arachnoid mater

pia mater

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

superior sagittal sinus

subdural space

subarachnoid space

periosteal layer

meningeal layer

arachnoid villus

falx cerebri

olfactory

I/sensory/smell

optic

II/sensory/sight

oculomotor

III/motor/eye movement

trochlear

IV/motor/eye movement

trigeminal

V/both/face sensation

abducens

VI/motor/eye movement

facial

VII/both/face movement and taste

vestibulocochlear

VIII/sensory/hearing and balance

glossopharyngeal

XI/both/throat sensation, swallowing, taste

vagus

IX/both/taste,stimulates digestive organs

spinal accessory

XI/motor/neck movement

hypoglossal

XII/motor/tongue movement

dermatomes

zone in the body that each spinal nerve serves

brachial plexus

a network of nerves that sends signals to the shoulder, arm, and hand