world history honors midterms freshmen

G.R.E.A.S.E.S

Govt., Religion, Economy, Art/Architecture, Science/Tech., Education, Social Values/Structure

C.A.P.P.

Context, Audience, Purpose, Point of view

Cultural Analysis

Artifacts, Traits, Institutions, Human Relationships, Rituals

culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

Civilization

A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes

Observation

Information obtained through the senses.

rising of the polis

archaic age

Inference

A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

Monotheism

Belief in ONE God

Polytheism

Belief in many gods

Patriarchy

Social organization in which MALES DOMINATE females

Matriarchy

A society ruled or controlled by WOMEN

Theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

Egalitarian

promoting equal rights for all people

athens

strength of mind

Spartans

strength of body

Rural

relating to farm areas and life in the country

Aristotle

. Aristotle was also a teacher and founded his own school in Athens, and was put to death

Urban

in, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town.

Subsistence (farmers)

Farmers who produce only enough food to meet the needs of their own and of their households

Pastoralists

nomads who kept herds of livestock on which they depended for most of their food

Nomadic

wandering, moving about from place to place

Secular

Non-religious

Ancient Greece Timeline

750 BCE - 480 BCE

Democracy

government by the people

Monarchy

A government ruled by a king or queen

5 aspects of a Golden Age

Breif (100 years), Economic stability (trade), Political stability (and relative peace), Hightened artistic expression (architecture), Higher order thinking (phylosophy, science, history)

polis

**city**

forms of government

**Monarchy**

Aristocracy

Oligarchy

Tyranny

**Democracy**

Aristocracy

class of landowning elites (hereditary) gain control by money

Persian war

led to the gold age the alliance of Greek city-states, which included Athens and Sparta

Oligarchy

class of elite people gained control by money (not hereditary)

pericles

the leader of athens during the golden age

Tyranny

government that is run by a reformer

humanism

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

the Renaissance

"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome

causes of the renaissance

Increasing trade, wealthy merchants, growing cities

renaissance values

Enjoyment of Worldly Pleasures, Individualism, Humanism, Return to Classical Ideal of Greece and Rome

renaissance timeline

14th century to 17th century

Baldassare Castiglione

An Italian author who wrote the book The Courtier in 1528. He described the ideal Renaissance man and woman.

petrarch

(1304-1374) Father of humanism He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the peak in the development of human civilization. Created his own form of sonnet

vernacular

everyday language

The Delian League

alliance of Greek city-states created as a defence to Persian aggression

Machiavelli: *The Prince*

Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong.

Raphael

RED (1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescoes, his most famous being The School of Athens.

Leonardo da Vinci

BLUE A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, and scientist. Known for the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

The Parthenon and the Acropolis

The Parthenon is a temple on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece that was dedicated to the goddess Athena.

Michelangelo

ORANGE (1475-1564) An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David. After donatello’s David

donatello

PURPLE (1386-1466) Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. his david statue was the first life sized free standing statue since the greeks

the northern renaissance

An extension of the Italian Renaissance to the nations Germany, Flanders, France, and England; it took on a more religious nature than the Italian Renaissance

Humanism: “Man is the measure of all things”

Protagoras

Christian humanism

Humanists from northern Europe who thought that the best elements of classical and Christian cultures should be combined and saw humanist learning as a way to bring about reform of the church and deepen people's spiritual lives.

Erasmus

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe

thomas more

He was a English humanist that contributed to the world today by revealing the complexities of man. He wrote Utopia, a book that represented a revolutionary view of society.

The Peloponnesian War

Sparta won the Peloponnesian War The Delian League was shut down

Long Term Causes of Reformation

Printing Press, Church Corruption, Increasing Royal Power, Rising Mercantile Class, Church Reformers etc...

Short Term Causes of Reformation

Luther's Early Life, Tetzel's Sale of Indulgences, Posting of 95 Theses, and Publishing of Luther's Ideas.

Long Term Effects of Reformation

Catholic Reformation, Centuries of Warfare, More and More Protestant Denominations Created

Short Term Effects of Reformation

Luther's Excommunication, Diet & Edict of Worms, Peasant's Revolt, Some German Princes Convert to Lutheranism, Peace of Augsburg

Martin Luther's 3 Key Beliefs

Salvation through faith alone; A Priesthood of all believers; The Bible is the only source of God's will.

Johann Tetzel

The leading seller of Indulgences. Infuriated Luther.

Sophists

specialized in one or more subject areas, such as philosophy, rhetoric, music, athletics, and mathematics.

did not believe in god

Indulgences

Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.

The 95 Theses

Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on October 31, 1517.

Plato

most famous work is the Republic, which details a wise society run by a philosopher.

Charles V

This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation,

Edict of Worms

When Charles V exiled or outlawed Luther from The Holy Roman Empire or any of it's other lands.

Peace of Augsburg

1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler

Henry VIII of England

Tudor King of England who launched the English Reformation because the Roman Catholic Church opposed his actions of divorcing Catherine of Aragon and marrying Anne Boleyn. Also: severed ties with Rome and allowed the Bible to be printed in English legally for the first time.

Socrates

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Socrates believed that no one does wrong voluntarily. Evil is the result of ignorance.

The Act of Supremacy

Declared the King (Henry VIII) the supreme head of the Church of England in 1534.