fresh and saltwater

the water cycle

The continuous movement of water between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere through processes such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

statistics of freshwater on earth

Freshwater constitutes about 2.5% of the Earth's total water supply, with the majority found in glaciers and ice caps, while only a small fraction is accessible for human use.

tides

The regular rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational forces exerted by the moon and the sun, affecting both freshwater and saltwater bodies.

currents and climate

The continuous flow of water in oceans and rivers, which influences weather patterns and climate conditions across the globe.

the ocean floor

The bottom of the ocean, consisting of various geological features such as trenches, ridges, and plains, which supports diverse ecosystems.

watersheds

Areas of land that drain into a common body of water, including rivers, lakes, and oceans, playing a crucial role in freshwater ecosystems.

Glaciers

massive, slow-moving bodies of ice that form from accumulated snow and ice over time, significantly impacting freshwater supply and sea levels.

River Zones & characteristics

River zones refer to distinct areas within a river system, each characterized by specific ecological and hydrological features, such as the headwaters, midstream, and mouth. These zones play vital roles in supporting diverse habitats and water quality.

hard and soft water

Hard water contains high levels of dissolved minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium, while soft water has lower concentrations of these minerals. The hardness of water can affect its suitability for various uses, including drinking and cleaning.

harmful chemicals and organisms in water

substances that can contaminate freshwater and saltwater ecosystems, posing risks to aquatic life and human health.

how water is treated for human consumption and use

The process of water treatment involves several stages, including coagulation, filtration, and disinfection, to remove contaminants and pathogens, ensuring that water is safe for drinking and other uses.

Diversity

in aquatic ecosystems refers to the variety of species and habitats present in freshwater and saltwater environments, which contributes to the overall health and stability of these ecosystems.

adaptations

of organisms in aquatic environments that enhance their survival and reproduction in both freshwater and saltwater habitats.

bioindicator species

are organisms used to assess the health of an ecosystem, as their presence, absence, or abundance reflects environmental conditions.

how do humans use water

Humans use water for drinking, agriculture, industry, recreation, and sanitation, impacting both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems.

how do humans negatively affect water quality

Humans negatively affect water quality through pollution, over-extraction of resources, and habitat destruction, which can harm aquatic life and disrupt ecosystems.

what can we do to help

We can help by reducing pollution, conserving water, protecting habitats, and supporting sustainable practices to maintain healthy freshwater and saltwater ecosystems.