MOLECULAR SHAPE AND POLARITY

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VSEPR Theory (Shapes)



Predicts shapes of molecules:

  • Linear - CO.

  • Bent - H2O

  • Trigonal pyramidal - NHs
    Tetrahedral - CHa

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nonpolar

Symmetrical shapes (linear, tetrahedral with identical atoms)

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polar

Asymmetrical shapes (bent, trigonal pyramidal)

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Dipole Cancellation

  • Polar bonds can cancel if arranged symmetrically (e.g., COz, CH+).

  • Asymmetrical shapes do not cancel, making the molecule polar.