Exam 1 - Anterior Pituitary

what are the releasing hormones of the anterior pituitary gland

GHRH

CRH

TRH

PRH

GnRH

what are the inhibiting hormones of the anterior pituitary gland

somatostatin and dopamine

how do hypothalamic hormones enter the anterior pituitary gland

through blood vessels

what connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system within th einfundibulum

where does the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system originate

superior hypophyseal artery

what is the order in which hypothalamic hormones travel through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

primary capillary plexus, portal veins, into anterior pituitary

what are the 3 parts of the anterior pituitary gland

pars distalis (90%)

pars tuberalis

pars intermedia

what is another name for the anterior pituitary gland

adenohyphophysis

the anterior pituitary gland is made of ____ cells which synthesize and secrete hormones collectively referred to as ___ _hormones because they turn on or off the function of other endocrine glands

tropic

tropic

what are the 5 tropic cell types which make up the anterior pituitary gland

somatotrophs

corticotrophs

thyrotrophs

lactotrophs

gonadotrophs

which of the tropic cells are acidophils

somatotrophs and lactotrophs

which of the tropic cells are basophils

corticotrophs

thyrotrophs

gonadotrophs

what hormone stimulates somatotrophs? which inhibits it?

growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

somatostatin

somatostatin can also be called what

growth hormone inhibiting hormone

what do somatotrophs secrete

human growth hormone

what stimulates corticotrophs? what inhibits them?

corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)

nothing

what do corticotrophs secrete? what mechanism does this hormone use?

adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

adenylyl cyclase

what is the target of ACTH produced by the corticotrophs? why?

adrenal cortex to regulate salt and water

what does ACTH cause the adrenal cortex to produce

aldosterone, cortisol, adrenal androgens

what stimulates thyrotrophs? what inhibits them?

thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

nothing

what do thyrotrophs secrete? what mechanism does this glycoprotein use?

thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH)/thyrotropin

adenylyl cyclase

what is the target of TSH/thyrotropin? why?

thyroid gland to produce T4 and T3 which control metabolism

what stimulates lactotrophs/mammotrophs? what inhibits them?

prolactin releasing hormone (PRH/PRF/TRH)

dopamine/Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)

what do lactotrophs secrete? what is the target?

prolactin (PRL)

mammary glands for milk development

what stimulates gonadotrophs? what inhibits?

gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)

nothing

what do gonadotrophs secrete? what mechanism do these use

luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

adenylyl cyclase

what are the targets of gonadotrophs

ovaries and testes

in the ovaries GnRH stimulates production of what

estrogen and progesterone

oogenesis

in the testes, GnRH stimulates production of what

testosterone

spermatogenesis