CH . 8 - Understanding Biases and Ethnocentrism in Intercultural Contexts

Biases

Negative predispositions based on insufficient information.

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's own culture.

Selective Attention

Focusing on cues matching our identities.

Selective Organization

Grouping and labeling based on personal context.

Selective Interpretation

Assigning meaning based on expectations and judgments.

Prejudice

Predispositions and learned feelings about outgroup members.

Discrimination

Unjust treatment based on group membership.

Racism

Belief in racial superiority and ingroup preference.

Distance of Indifference

Low ethnocentrism; lack of sensitivity to differences.

Distance of Avoidance

Moderate ethnocentrism; avoiding outgroup interactions.

Distance of Disparagement

High ethnocentrism; using hate speech or jokes.

Development Model of Intercultural Sensitivity

Stages of understanding cultural differences.

Denial

Belief that one's culture is the only real one.

Defense Mechanism

Viewing one's culture as superior to others is an example of a

Minimization

Belief that all cultures are fundamentally the same.

Acceptance

Recognizing one's culture as one of many.

Adaptation

Adjusting behavior to align with another culture.

Integration

Incorporating multiple cultural perspectives into identity.

Scapegoating Theory

Blaming minorities for societal problems.

Exploitation Theory

Power viewed as a scarce resource.

Authoritarian Personality

High concern for authority and conformity.

Structural Approach

Direct discrimination through institutional policies.

Indirect Institutional Discrimination

Unintended effects of policies on minority groups.

Integrative Identity Negotiation Theory

Fear leads to identity insecurity and exclusion.

Intergroup-Level Prejudice Reduction

Enhancing understanding through cultural knowledge.

Commonality of Values

Shared values across different cultures.

Cooperative Learning Techniques

Collaborative methods to reduce prejudice.

Open Dialogue

Honest discussions about sensitive cultural issues.