Organic Compounds

What element readily bonds to itself, forming long chains and rings?

Carbon

What are clusters of atoms that attach to molecules and influence the characteristics of those molecules?

Functional groups

What is a single molecule called?

Monomer

What chemical reaction allows monomers to form polymers and water?

Condensation Reaction

What chemical reaction happens when water is added to break polymers down into its monomers?

Hydrolysis

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

What 2 monomers compose Sucrose?

Glucose and Fructose

What 2 monomers compose Lactose?

Glucose and Galactose

What type of organic compounds are glycogen, starch, and cellulose?

Polysaccharides

How do Animals store glucose?

As Glycogen

How do Plants store glucose?

As Starch

Which polysaccharide is found in the cell walls of plants to give them strength & rigidity?

Cellulose

Which organic compound makes up skin, muscles, hair, nails, and include enzymes?

Proteins

What are the monomers of proteins?

Amino acids

What bond forms between two amino acids?

Dipeptide bond

What are proteins that act as catalysts (to speed up chemical reactions)?

Enzymes

What could change the shape of an enzyme so that it would become ineffective?

Denaturation

Which organic compound’s function is to store energy and form the cell membrane?

Lipids

What are the monomers of lipids?

Glycerol and Fatty acids

Which end of the fatty acid molecule is Hydrophilic?

The carboxyl end

Which end of the fatty acid molecule is Hydrophobic?

The hydrocarbon end

What are the 3 classes of lipids?

Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Steroids

What is the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Which type of lipid is NOT made up of fatty acids? Give an example.

Steroids (e.g., cholesterol).

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

What is the function of nucleic acids?

To store and transmit genetic information.