History- Chapter 1: The Weimar Republic, 1919-29

Edexcel History - Weimar and Nazi Germany, Chapter 1: The Weimar Republic, 1918-29

what was Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution?

In an 'emergency', the President did not need the agreement of the Reichstag to issue a decree or policy.

What and when was the Young Plan?

1929- Germany's total reparations reduced from £6.6 billion to £2 billion, deadline for reparations deadline extended until 1988.

what changes were made to wages and work in 1924?

working hours reduced, wages rose and working conditions improved.

what percentage of tax was introduced to fund building associations in 1924?

15%

how many homes were built between 1925-1929?

100,000

what percentage of worker's earnings were deducted to be put towards unemployment and sick benefits?

3%

what percentage of women were working in 1918 compared to 1925?

1918- 75%, 1925- 36%

what were 'new women'?

Women who showed their independence in Germany (by wearing more expressive clothing and makeup) and were liberal.

what is 'New Objectivism'?

the idea that art should show life as it really is, including poverty, instead of romanticising it

name an artist who was popular from 1924-1929

Otto Dix and George Grosz

name one German movie that showed cultural changes in the Weimar Republic

the Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Metropolis

what was the Bauhaus?

an art and design college opened by architect Walter Gropius. It's ideas challenged traditional style seen pre-WW1

when did Kaiser Wilhelm abdicate?

9th November 1918.

when was the Armistice signed?

11th November 1918.

name a strength of the Weimar Government

- Proportional Representation- small parties had d fair share of seats.
-Women could vote.
-voting age reduced to 21.
-no one group or person could have too much power.
-local governments retained power in their regions.

name a weakness of the Weimar Government

-Proportional Representation often led to unstable coalition governments.
-Article 48 showed weakness in a crisis.
-public did not choose this type of government, so it was unpopular.

when was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

28th June 1919

what was Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles?

The War Guilt Clause

How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?

£6.6 billion

what was 'Dolchstoss'?

the 'stab in the back' theory- the German people did not believe they had lost the war, rather that the people who signed the Armistice and the Treaty of Versailles 'stabbed Germany in the back'.

when was the Spartacist revolt, and who was it led by?

January 1919, led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht

when was the Kapp Putsch and who was it led by?

March 1920, Wolfgang Kapp

why did the Kapp Putsch happen?

Freikorps in Munich threatened to be disbanded in March 1920

how much did a loaf of bread cost in 1919 compared to 1923?

1919- 1 mark, Nov 1923- 200 billion marks

when was the Invasion of the Ruhr, and who was it by?

January 1923, by France

how much of Germany's coal, iron and steel reserves did the Ruhr have?

80%

Why was the Ruhr invaded?

Germany could no longer pay their reparations.

what was the Retenmark?

a replacement of the German mark by foreign minister Gustav Stresemann, to help stop hyperinflation.

what and when was the Dawes Plan?

USA providing loans ($25 bil between 1924 and 1930) to help Germany's debt- 1924

What and when was the Locarno Pact?

1925- Germany, France, Italy, Britian and Belgium agreed to respect their post-Versailles borders, and Germany was to be considered to be accepted into the League of Nations.

When was Germany allowed to join the League of Nations?

1926

what and when was the Kellog-Briand pact?

1928- pact signed by Germany and 62 other countries who promised not to use violence to settle disputes, and agree that their respective armies were to only be used as self-defence.