Monosaccharides Study Guide

Flashcards covering the definition, properties, classification, and examples of monosaccharides based on lecture notes.

What is the general molecular formula for monosaccharides, and how many carbon atoms can they contain?

The general molecular formula is $(CH_2O)$ and the number of carbon atoms ($C$) varies from $3-7$.

What are the three common physical and chemical characteristics of all monosaccharides?

All monosaccharides are reducing sugars, water soluble, and occur in crystalline form.

What is an example of a Triose ($3C$) and its specific derivative?

An example is Glyceraldehydes, and its derivative is Phosphoglyceraldehyde.

Which $4$-carbon ($4C$) monosaccharide is described as rare in nature?

Erythrose.

What are three examples of Pentoses ($5C$) and the derivative associated with Ribulose?

Examples include Ribose, Deoxyribose, and Ribulose; the derivative of Ribulose is RUBP.

List three examples of Hexoses ($6C$) provided in the text.

Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose.

How are monosaccharides classified based on the type of carbonyl group they contain?

They are classified as Aldoses (containing an aldehyde group) or Ketoses (containing a keto group).

According to the transcript, which monosaccharides are categorized as Aldoses?

Glucose and galactose.

Which monosaccharide is classified as a Ketose?

Fructose.

What form do some monosaccharides take when they are in aqueous media?

They are in ring form.