Final Exam

The three major componets in a nucleotide

A nitrogen base, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group

The four nitrogen bases found in RNA are

adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

In DNA, the “rungs” between the two strands of DNA are formed from the

Hydrogen bonds between nitrogen base pairs

In a molecule of DNA, hydrogen bonds hold together the two strands, such as hydrogen bonds

Adenine pairs with uracil

RNA differs from DNA in that

All of the answers choices correct

In Eukaryotic cells, the sequences of MRNA that are removed from an mRNA molecule before being translated are

Introns

Teh process used by cells to convert the mRNA “message” into a sequence of amino acids is

translation

A three-base sequnce, found on the bottom loop of tRNA that is complementary to a sequence of three bases is mRNA is an

anticodoon

The step of translation in which amino acids are added one at a time to the growing polypeptide is

Elongation

Which of the follwoing RNA strnads is complementary to the DNA sequence -ATCGATCG-3`?

-UAGCUAGC-5`

There are only to mian types of RNA,tRNA and rRNA, needed to make protiens

False

Transfer RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis

True

A fertilized egg divides and produces more and more cells by a process called mitosis

True

A fertilzed egg is also called an

Zygote

A sperm cell is a hapolid cell produced by the process of

Meisios

A diplod cell is

A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

The person who made a lasting impression in the science of genetics with his study of traits in pea plants was

Gregor Mendel

A healthy, young couple are carries of cystic fibrosis, a disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance; the chance that each of thier future chidlern will inherit this serious illness is

25%

In humans, allelse for each gene are inherited from

the mother and father (one allele from each parent)

Gametes ( a.K.a. sperm and eggs) contain

one set of chromosomes

Why are pea plants (Pisum sativum) a good species for genetics studies?

All of the answer choices are correct

Mendel observed that some genetic traits seemed to mask others in the pea plant, The masking trait is referred to as the

dominant trait.

Mendel kept detailed records of the genetic traits of parent plants among their offspring plants. among observation, he found that some traits were not expressed, whenever one particular allele was present. These market traits can be referred to as the

Recessive traits.

If you, like mendel grow plants in the lab, and cross tall (Tt) pea plants with short pea plants (tt), the offspring will be

a mix of tall and short

If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is

homozygous

Phenotype refers to

the observable expression of the genes in an individual

Mendel’s monohybrid cross of two Tt parents (i.e, heterozygote tall plants) with each other resulted in a tall-to-short ratio of

3:1

A test cross is a mating of an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual that

is homozygous recessive

Suppose that you observed that your lab partner blood type is AB. Teh equal placement of the A and B molecules on each cell is controlled by proteins, coded by different versions of the same gene. having both is an example of

codominant inheritance

If the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between those of the two diffrent homozyogtes it is called

incomplete dominance

If a person has a recessive allele for a disorder and that allele is masked by the presence of a normal dominant allele, this person is called a carrier

True

Which of the following is a variation of a gene that is always revealed when present?

The dominate allele

If the presence of freckles is a dominant trait, which of the following individuals would not have freckles?

ff, the homozygous recessive individual

The chromosome that plays the largest role in human sex determination is

the y chromosme

Hemopjilia is an x linked recessive condtion. if a female is a carrier for hemopjilia, waht percenteg of her sons will be affected by the condition?

100%

Calico cats which are almost always female, result due to

an inactive X chromosome

A single chrome has

multiple genes, each with a single allele

In humans, the condition of male pattern baldness is an example of an

Genotype

If a pea plant is heterozygous for yellow seeds (Gg) the gamestes will have whihc of the following allele(s)?

G or g

If you conduct a monohybird cross oftwo heterozygous Yy pea plants, what percentge of the offdspring be heterozygous?

50%

A man with type A blood and a women with type B blood have a child with type O blood. What are the genotypes of the man and women?

I^A i and I^B i

Hemophilia A is a X linked recessive disorder. If a normal man marries a women who is a carrier, what fraction of their sons will have hemophilia

50%

In order for a girl to inherit hemophilia A, her parents would have whihc genotype?

X^H X^h and X^h Y

A dominat allele is one that is masked if a recessive allele is also preset

False

Teh most common allele for any triats is always the domint allele

Flase

A segment of DNA that encodes a specific protein is a

gene

Which if the follwoing is defined as genetic change in a popualtion over multipele generations

eveolution

The scientist who published on the orgin of species by menas of natural selection 1859 was

Charles Darwin

Heritbale traits help individuals in a population survive and reproduce are

adaptations

The collection of genes and the corresponding alleles is a population’s

gene pool

Evolutionary theory does not directly explain.

how life began

During the natural slection simulation in lab, what were the selective pressures on the prey species?

the types of predators present

During the natural selection in lab, what were the selective pressures on the predator species?

The food that was available for the predators.

From the lab, waht does it mena to be a heritbale characteristic?

The character tic is passed down from generation to generation

In 1809, this person incorreclty proposed that species could “acquire” new traits during their lifetime and then pass those traits to their offspring.

Jean Baptist Lamarck

In the hardy-Weinberg equation p² + 2 pq + q² = 1,2 pq represnts the frequency of

heterozygous individuals

If a population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Allele frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next and therefore evolution does not occur

Sexual selection may result in which of the following traits?

all of the above

Farmers and horticulturalists have bred broccol, cauliflower, kale and cabbage from the wild mustard plant through

artfiical selection

Natural selection acts on the genetic makeup of

popualtions

Alleles conferring red plumage to male cardinials are common because red plumage

is preferred by female cardinal in choosing a mate

A male peacok has enormous tail feathers that it uses in mating dispalys to attract females while the tail feathers are an advantage in amteing, what is the potential disadvnatge of these feathers to the male

the feathers require a lot of energy to produce

Evolution answers the question as to how life originally began

false

Natural selection acts radomly on members of a population

true

In an evolutionary sense, fitness refers to an orgaism’s contribution to the gene pools of the next few generations

True

Non random mating, gene flow (i.e, migration) and genetic drift (i.e., random changehs in small popualtions) are mechanism microevolution.

False

From the lab, what is sexual selection

How traits increase in apopualtion over time because they improve the chance of successful mating

From the lab video, common chimpanzee males and females are moreliley to be aggressive with each other then bonobo males and females

True

Biology is defined as “the scientfic study of life”

true

What type of microscope are we liley to sue in the lab to look at single-celled organisms?

scanning electron microscopes (SEM)

Thinking about life’ organizational hierarchy in a biological system, whihc of the following is the correct sequrncr from the smalles unit to the larget unit ?

atom-molecule-orgabelle-cell-tissue

Organsims that make thier own food by capturing energy from nonliveing resources (solar energy) are called

decomposers

Which of the following is an exmaple of a charaterstic of life?

All of the answer choices are correct

Organisms that obtian enegy and nutrients by eating either lving or dead organism are called

plants

Teh hierarchy of life extends past individual orgnism which of the follwoing is the correct sequnce, from leaset inclusive to most inclsuive, follwoing an individula organism?

popualtion-ecosystem-community-bioshphere

Decomposers are speical group of primary producers

Flase

The four kingdoms included in the domian Eukatya are

Bacteria, Protista, Plantae, and animalia

A major differnce between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that whereas prokaryotes

do not have a necleus, eukaryotes have a nucleus in their cells

You are feeling ill, so you vist a physciian. Teh physciian takes your temperature, blood pressure, and pulse and orders blood tests and urine analysis to determine more about your condition. The result of all these obersvations and tests will help the physician assses why your body is temporarliy out of “normal” conditions or wehn the body is not adequatley

evolivng

problem 12 on exam 1