movements allowed by the synovial joints

gliding movement

One bone across the surface of another one

Angular movement

Movement changes angle between bones

Rotation

Movement around bone’s long axis

carpal, articular processes of vertebrae, tarsal

Gliding happens

Leaning your neck posteriorly (extension), leaning your neck anteriorly (flexion )

Angular movement: Neck

Trunk leaning anteriorly (flexion), trunk leaning posteriorly (extension)

Angular movement trunk

bending your knee posteriorly (flexion), stretching your knee anteriorly (extension)

Angular movement (knees)

stretching arm anteriorly (flexion), stretching posteriorly (extension)

angular movement arm

abduction, adduction circumduction

Angular movement: arm and hand

rotation head, lateral rotation for leg

Rotation movement

Elevation

lifting a body part superiorly

depression

Moving the elevated part inferiorly

Protraction

Nonangular movement anteriorly

Retraction

Nonungular movement posteriorly

Supination

Forearm rotates laterally, palm faces anteriorly

Pronation

Forearm rotates medially, palm faces posteriorly

Opposition

Thumb moves across the palm to touch the tip of the other fingers

Inversion

turns sole medially or toes facing inward

Eversion

Turns sole laterally

Dorsiflexion

lifting the foot so its superior surface approaches the shin

Planter flexion

depressing the foot, elevating the heel

factors that influence stability of synovial joints

Articular surfaces, Ligamenets, Muscle tones

Articular surfaces

shapes of articular surfaces determines movement possible, found hips, elbow, ankle joints

Capsules and ligaments

Prevent excessive motion

Muscle tone

Helps stabilize by keeping tension on tendons