Human Diversity and Cultural Concepts: Key Terms and Principles

What does Human Diversity mean?

Addresses the variety of human societies and cultures and examines their similarities and differences. A.K.A: Cultural diversity.

What does Globalization mean?

People now cross borders into other countries to work, school, medical care, visit & live.

What is another name for prejudice?

A.K.A: Bias.

What does bias mean?

is being prejudice against someone for some reason

Biculturalism

The ability of an individual to negotiate competently 2 or more cultures.

Racism

Belief that one race is superior to another.

Ethnocentrism

Using one's own culture or values as absolute and measuring all others against them.

Assimilation

Over time giving up their original language and try to identify with a new culture.

Characteristics of Human Diversity

Age, Ethnicity, Race, Gender, sexual orientation, Mental & Physical ability, Religion.

Core Values of Human Rights for Disabilities

Autonomy, Dignity, Equality, and Solidarity.

Autonomy

All actions are centered around the patient.

Dignity

Support of self-worth.

Equality

Fair and equal treatment regardless of differences.

Solidarity

Society's support of differences.

Ethics

is a systematic study of right and wrong conduct and character .

personal ethics

How one chooses to live their life

professional ethics

regulated by governing boards and laws , with profession

Laws

are regulations established by government that apply to people within a certain political subdivision that is enabled by legislation .

Morals

are generally accepted customs of right living and conduct within an individual's practices that are enabled by religious writings

The Code of Ethics are statements that include:

acceptable and unacceptable behaviors .

What established the code of ethics for radiologic technologists?

ARRT

Professional Etiquette

manners , behaviors and attitudes toward patients as accepted by practitioners .

List the four ethical components or ethical analysis :

a . Identify Problem b . Develop Alternative solution c . Select the best solution d . Defend your solution

Justice -

Equitable actions

Principle Based Ethics :

Use moral principles to defend a chosen path of action

Veracity :

Duty to tell the truth

Fidelity :

Acts of loyalty and faithfulness to others

Beneficence :

Actions that benefit others , i.e. charity

Nonmaleficence :

Do no harm

Autonomy :

Actions that respect a person's independence

List the stages of Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs from lowest to highest :

a . Physiologic ( Lowest ) b . Safety c . Belongingness & Love d . Esteem e . Need to know & understand f . Aesthetics g . Self - Actualization ( Highest )

Meaning of an inpatient

Already admitted into the facility

Meaning of an outpatient

Coming into the facility for a scheduled appt .

As a technologist you must communicate with a patient within your scope of

practice

When practicing in your scope of practice what does that mean you should or should not do?

You should not diagnose the patient

What is paralanguage ?

Rhythm of speech

List some examples of non - verbal communication :

body language , touch , visual

Light pressure with the fingers to the body to provide precise and gentle localization information is called :

palpation

What are the three types of touch :

a . Emotional Support b . Emphysis c . Palpation

School-aged children

5-10 yrs

Young adults

25-45 yrs

Mature adults

65+

Preschoolers

3-5

Infants

Birth to 1 yr

Toddlers

1-3 yrs

Middle - aged adults

45-65

Adolescents

10-25

What is the primary means to communicate with a hearing - impaired patient ?

Writing

A child that is about_ _ months old ( years old ) can usually be talked through a radiographic procedure with good communication and without immobilization .

24 which is 2 yrs

List the five stages of the grieving process :

a . Denial b .Anger c . Bargaining d . Depression

What is palliative care ?

Comfort Care

What does DNR stand for ?

Do Not Resuscitate

Clinical History

describes the information available regarding the patient's condition .

The radiologic imaging individual is responsible for:

possessing good history taking skills and is responsible for obtaining the clinical history from the patient for the diagnostic procedure .

List some of the qualities of a good interviewer :

Aknowledge pt . anger , respect , be genuine , empathy , eye contact

A good clinical history provides information needed by the _____________ and is specific to the patient reasons for the exam .

Radiologist

Good questioning skills include asking OPEN or CLOSED ended questions.

Open

Then the RT can use _______ questions to focus in on more detail .

Probing/leading

His leg hurts (objective of subjective)

Subjective

He can't breathe good (objective or subjective)

Subjective

She was sweating a lot (objective or subjective)

Objective

He walked with a limp (objective or subjective)

Objective

His speech was slurred (objective or subjective)

Objective

She felt dizzy (objective or subjective)

Subjective

The primary medical problem as defined by the patient is known as the

Cheif Complaint

How many sacred elements are there in clinical history?

7

Quality:

Character of the symptoms

Chronology :

Time element i.e. duration

Associated Manifestations :

Other symptoms accompanying the chief complaint

Severity :

The intensity , the quantity , or extent of the problem

Localization :

Exact or precise area for complaint

Onset :

Description of what was being done when symptoms began .

Aggravating or Alleviating Factors :

What produced the problem or relieve it

What are Laws ?

A body of rules , regulations , & quidlines that govern conduct in society to protect the health , & welfare of the citizens .

List the three types of law :

a . Constitutional b . Legislative c . Case Law

Explain the three types of laws:

Constitutional: individual rights

Legislative: local , state and federal

Case Law: case by case - judge and jury

Malpractice is :

Injurious or unprofessional treatment of a pt . including neglectful actions

tort

a patient claims that he or she has been wronged

Assault :

pl . feels threatened + have reason to fear or expect harm

Battery :

Any unlawful touching of another without justification or excuse

Give an example of assault :

Verbal ( calling vulgar names

Give an example of battery :

Physical (hitting)

What is the most common claim in a healthcare facility ?

False Imprisonment

Immobilization :

Consent for medical safety- doctor order

False Imprisonment :

restraint from freedom without consent or authorization

What are the two types of defamation ?

Slander & Libel

Slander :

spoken word

Libel:

written or published comments or pictures

Fraud:

cover - up of errors

TRUE or FALSE :

TRUE - HIPAA states that RT's have an obligation to maintain patient confidentiality .

Negligence is :

failure to use such care as a reasonably prudent person would use under like circumstances

There are four stages to prove negligence has occurred , which are :

Duty

Breach

Injury

Causal Relationship

Respondeat superior literally means :

" The master speaks for the servant"

Res ipsa loquitur literally means :

" The thing speaks for itself"

Corporate liability requires that healthcare provider to be:

responsible for the quality of care provided

Implied consent; IS NOT

When a patient walks into the radiology department for a chest x - ray they are giving the facility an _______ to perform the exam and a signed statement IS or IS NOT required .

Informed Consent

states that patients have all the information they need to make a decision on their care , such as the risks , benefits , and alternative procedures .

When should an Incident Report be completed ?

Must be completed after an event ( outside of normal incident )

Draw a line through the error , & write " ERROR " , then record correct info

If you make an error in a written paper chart , how should you fix it ?

EHR stands for :

Electronic Health Record