Life Science Chapter 2

Note Cards

Cell theory

All living things are made of cells, all cells come from preexisting cells, Cells preform the function of living things.

Tissue

Group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Organ

A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function in an organism.Examples include the heart and lungs.

Organelle

Structures that are surrounded by a membrane

Cell membrane

Surrounds all cells and regulates what comes in and what goes out.

Cell wall

a rigid outer layer found in plant cells and some bacteria that provides support and protection.

capsule

A slimy layer that protects the bacterium from harmful substances and prevents it from drying out

cytoplasm

The gel-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles and is the site of many cellular processes.

Flagellum

A whip like thing that they use to people themselves through their environment

DNA

Contains important information for making proteins and plays a role in regulating many cellular processes

Chromosomes

what DNA is organized into

endoplasmic reticulum

Network of tubes that help produce and transport proteins and other molecules

Golgi apparatus

Modifies many proteins and packages them into vesicles

Enzyme

a protein that speeds up or slows down chemical reactions

Ribosomes

small structures that assemble proteins

Cytoskeleton

sevral types of long thin fibers anchored to the various parts of a cell

lysosome

Act as the demolition crews of the cell

Mitochondria

Makes most of the cells APT which is used to power cellular processes

Selectively permeable

It allows some substances to pass through but keeps others out

Concentration gradient

When a certain type of molecule is more densely packed on one side of a membrane more than on the other.

Diffusion

The movement of molecules through a membrane

Osmosis

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

Passive Transport

Osmosis and diffusion work without the cell doing any work they are both forms of passive transport

Active transport

Pumps potassium ions from the outside cell since this pump requires energy to work it is an example of active transport

Producer

Harness the suns energy to make food

Photosynthesis

Uses energy from the sun to turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose

Chlorophyll

Green pigment; uses energy to split water into protons electrons and oxygen

APT

Energy currency used to power the active transport protein and many other processes in the cell

cellular respiration

The process of breaking down molecules to produce APT

anaerobic

Because glycolysis does not use oxygen it is an anaerobic process

Stem cell

When body needs more specialized cells the stem cell divides and matures into the cells needed