LO5 - cells

What is this?

blast

What is this?

blast

What is this?

myeloblast

What is this?

promyelocyte

What is this?

myelocyte

What is this?

metamyelocyte

What is this?

lymphoblast

What is this?

prolymphocytes

What is this?

monoblast

What is this?

promonocyte

What is this?

toxic granulation

What is this?

dohle bodies

What is this?

toxic vaculation

What is this?

harlequin cells

What is this?

abnormal granulocytes

What is this?

acute myeloid leukemia

What is this?

reactive lymphocyte

What is this?

reactive lymphocyte

What is this?

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

What is this?

smudge cells

What is this?

smudge cells

What is an immature cell?

normal in bone marrow - not normal in peripheral blood - can indicate a serious condition

What is a leukamoid reaction

benign condition that mimics leukemia (malignancy) - caused by virus or bacterial infection - cells may be immature but can indicate normal reactive response

What is leukemia

cancer (malignancy) of the blood - cells may be immature or abnormal

What is a blood cell formation

CFR stem cell - immature undifferentiated hematopoietic cells derived from the pluripotential stem cell - gives rise to cells of bone marrow

What does CFU stand for? What does the GEMM acronym represent

Colony forming unit - Granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, megakaryocyte

As cells mature, what is the change in size

they get smaller as they age

As cells mature, what is the change in nucleus

becomes smaller - cytoplasm is more abundant - lover N/C ratio

As cells mature, what is the change in cytoplasm

becomes less basophilic - more blue

As cells mature, what is the change in granules

Myeloid Series: appearance if granules as cell matures - None to primary to secondary

As cells mature, what is the change in chromatin

increasingly condensed

As cells mature, what is the change in nuclear chromatin pattern

goes from smooth (euchromatin) to course clumps (parachromatin) - nucleus stains darker as cells mature (light reddish purple to darker bluish purple)

What is the nucleoli of a cell

small round or irregular shaped - light blue area surrounded by a fine darker rim

What are blasts? Is there nucleoli? What is the chromatin like?

large immature looking cells - prominent nucleoli - fine lacy chromatin (no clumps)

What is the progression of granulocytic maturation

myeloblast to promyelocyte to myelocyte to metamyelocyte to band neutrophil to segmented neutrophil

Myeloblast - Nucleus? Chromatin? Nucleoli? Cytoplasm? Granules?

Large nucleus - nuclear chromatin is fine, lacy - 2-5 nucleoli - small amount of blue cytoplasm, no granules - abnormal bundles of primary granules

What is the unique thing that may distinguish a myeloblast? What does it diagnose?

Auer rods - diagnostic of non-lymphocytic leukemia

Promyelocyte - Size? Nucleus? Chromatin? Nucleoli? Cytoplasm? Granules?

slightly larger that a blast, largest in myeloid series - round to oval nucleus - smooth nuclear chromatin - 1-3 nucleoli - slightly more blue cytoplasm - stains moderately blue cytoplasm (azurophilic) - primary/non specific granules contain enzymes

Myelocyte - Nucleus? Chromatin? Nucleoli? Cytoplasm? Granules?

oval or slightly indented nucleus - slightly clumped chromatin - not visible nucleoli - moderate amount of blue-bluish pink cytoplasm - secondary granules formed (eosinophilic, basophilic, neutrophilic)

Metamyelocyte - Nucleus? Chromatin? Nucleoli? Cytoplasm? Granules?

nucleus is indented (bean shaped) - clumped chromatin - cytoplasm is pale blue to pink - specific abundant secondary granules that characterize cell (eosinophil, neutrophil, basophil)

Band Neutrophil - Nucleus? Chromatin? Nucleoli? Cytoplasm? Granules?

S-shaped/curved nucleus - very clumped chromatin - specific secondary granules

Segmented neutrophil - Nucleus? Chromatin? Nucleoli? Cytoplasm? Granules?

2-5 distinct lobes - dense chromatin compact - abundant lilac cytoplasm - fine, specific neutrophilic secondary granules - phagocytic

Eosinophil

2-3 lobe nucleus - large specific eosinophilic (reddish-orange) secondary granules - antihistamine (allergic response)

Basophil

bi-lobed - obscured granules - specific large dark basophilic (blue-black) secondary granules - water soluble - heparin, histamine, kallikrein

What does myeloblast and promyelocyte associate with

leukemia or malignancy

what does myelocyte and metamyelocyte associate with

leukamoid reaction: infection, trauma, or stressW

What does the presence of immature granulocytes indicate

left shift

Lymphoblast - Nucleus? Chromatin? Nucleoli? Cytoplasm? Granules?

large nucleus, round to oval - nuclear chromatin is fine, lacy - 1 or more nucleolo - small amount of blue cytoplasm - no granules

Prolymphocyte - Nucleus? Chromatin? Nucleoli? Cytoplasm? Granules?

large nucleus, round to oval - nuclear chromatin, slight clumping - nucleoli less prominent - small amount of blue cytoplasm - no granules

What is the monocyte maturation

monoblast to promonocyte to monocyte

Monoblast - Nucleus? Chromatin? Nucleoli? Cytoplasm? Granules?

round to oval cell shape - round more regular nucleus - 1 or 2 distinct nucleoli - grey to cloudy blue, few red granules

Promonocyte - Nucleus? Chromatin? Nucleoli? Cytoplasm? Granules?

indented or lobulated, more irregular nucleus - 1 or 2 less distinct nucleoli - grey to cloudy blue, few red granules cytoplasm

Monocyte - Nucleus? Chromatin? Nucleoli? Cytoplasm? Granules?

indented, oftern reniform or folded, maybe ne round, oval, lobulated nucleus - no nucleoli - abundant grey or grey blue cytoplasm - may contain fine azurophilic granules