World History chapter 25

Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini

Fascist party; took control of italy in 1922

Adolf Hitler

Nazi Party; took control of germany in 1933

Mien Kampf

Hitler’s biography; described his racist, humanistic philosophy

Reichstag:

Germany’s chief legislative body

Der fuhrer

Hitler’s title

Third reich

the name of Hitler’s reign

The Holocaust

the systematic murder of 6 million Jews & others inferior races to eradicate them

Gen. Hideki Tojo

leader of the militaristic govt. of Japan

Emperor Hirohito

official head of the Jap. Govt. (but power rested on the military generals)

Joseph Stalin

established Communism in Russia

Chiang Kai-Shek

leader of Nationalist forces of China

Mao Tse-Tung

leader of the Communist forces of China

Claire Chennailt

American general who led the “Flying Tigers”

Fransisco Franco

aided by Germ. to defeat communists

Spain

What nation was Franco Francisco from

Axis Powers

Japan, Germany, Italy; formed the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

Neville Chamberlain

P.M. of Eng. who negotiated the Munich Pact with Hitler; “peace in our times” (through appeasement)

Sitzkrieg

after Poland, there were no battles for 7 months. (sitzkrieg) until Germany conquered Denmark and Norway

Vichy

location of France’s govt. Granted to them after they surrendered to Hitler in 1940

Charles De Gaulle

led the french resistance against Germany

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Pact between Russia and Germany to invade Poland

Winston Churchill

new P.M. of england after N. Chamberlain resigned; tue

20th century’s greatest statesman

Operation Sea-Lion

Hitler’s plan to invade & conqueror England

Battle of Britain

the 1st major defeat of Germany

“Pocket Battleships”

German worships designed after the Treaty of

Versailles

Lend-Lease Act

congress allowed FDR to trade, loan, or lease war materials

with the Allied nations

December 7, 1941

When did Japan attacked the American fleet at Pearl Harbor?

Dieppe

failed Allied attempt to gain a foothold in Europe in 1942

Dwight Eisenhower

American general who became commander of all Allied forces in Europe

Operation torch

Allied offensive to retake North Africa

General Bernard Montgomery

led troops at El Alamein

George Patton

led the Allies from N. Africa & invaded Italy

Nisei

Nisei: second generation; Japanese-Americans

Russia

defeated Germany at Stalingrad (last major German offensive in the East; 1942)

D-day

on June 6, 1944, the Allies invaded Normandy, France to retake Europe from the Nazis

Battle of the Bulge

last German Offensive in the West; Allied line did not break

April 30, 1945

When did Hitler Commited suicide?

May 8, 1945

When did the rest of Germany surrendered; also known as V-E day (Victory in Europe Day)

Gen. Douglas Macarthur

sent to the Philippines to prepare their defenses for defense against Japan

Bataan Death March

march of Japanese prisoners of war to a prison camp in Bataan; thousands were murdered

Jimmy Doolittle

led the 1st air raids on the islands of Japan

Battle of Coral Sea

first battle where naval ships never saw each other

Battle of Midway

the turning point of the war in the Pacific

Island Hopping

A technique through which the US land forces strategically assaulted & liberated important Pacific islands from Japan

Admiral Chester Nimitiz

commander-in-chief of US Pacific fleet

Saipan

keystone of Jap. defense; the Japanese lost ------ after the Battle of the Philippine Sea

Kamikazes

Japanese suicide pilots who launched attacks on American ships

Potsdam Declaration

called for unconditional Japanese surrender

Aug. 1945

In ---- , America dropped 2 Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki

September 2, 1945,

When did Japan surrender to the Allies; World War II was

Over

Atlantic Charter

a utopian document signed by the U.S. & G.B. encouraging steps for world peace

Tehran

meeting to discuss the fate of free nations & a post-war peace org.

Conference of Yalta

The “Big Three” met in 1945 to discuss Europe’s post WWII future

Potsdam

met to discuss the fate of Germany