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Ecosystem
The organisms of a particular habitat together with the physical environment in which they live.
Species
A group of individuals of common ancestry that closely resemble each other and are normally capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
Population
A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time.
Community
A group of populations of organisms living and interacting within a habitat.
Abiotic factors
Aspects of the environment that are not living, such as humidity, temperature, salinity, wind, and soil particles.
Biotic factors
The biological influences and factors on organisms in an ecosystem.
Ecology
The study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment.
Autotrophs
Organisms that are able to make their own food from simple inorganic materials and an energy source.
Heterotrophs
Organisms that feed on organic molecules.
Consumers
Organisms that feed on another organism.
Detritivores
Organisms that feed on dead organic matter through ingestion.
Saprotrophs
Organisms that feed on dead organic matter through absorption.
Decomposers
Organisms that feed on dead plant and animal matter so that it can be recycled; most decomposers are microorganisms.
Mesocosm
A small-scale, self-sustaining natural system that can be used to study part of an ecosystem under controlled conditions.
Symbiotic relationship
‘Living together’ - includes commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.
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