B1

Carbon dioxide

________ diffuses into the air spaces within the leaf, then it diffuses into the cells where photosynthesis happens.

Vacuole

________- Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.

Meristem tissue

________ in plants can differentiate into any type of plant cell throughout the life of the plant.

Ribosomes

________- Where proteins are made in the cell /the site of protein synthesis.

Active transport

________ allows mineral ions to be absorbed into plant root hairs from very dilute solutions in the soil.

Stains

________ are used to highlight objects in a cell by adding colour to them.

genetic material

The ________ is not enclosed in a nucleus.

Cytoplasm

________- Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.

Chloroplasts

________- Site of photosynthesis which makes food for the plant.

Mitochondria

________- These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respirations take place.

Plant

________ and animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.

Oxygen

________ (produced in photosynthesis) and water vapour also diffuse out through the stomata.

mitosis

In ________ one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides.

Nucleus

________- Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.

green substance

They contain a(n) ________ called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.

DNA

The ________ replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.

Cell

________ membrane- Holds the ________ together and controls what goes in and out.

Differentiation

________ is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.

embryo

In therapeutic cloning a(n) ________ is produced with the same genes as the patient.

Substances

________ may move into and out of cells across the cell membranes by diffusion.

electron microscope

The ________ has increased the understanding of sub cellular structures because they have a higher resolution.

number of sub cellular structures

Before a cell can divide it needs to grow and increase the ________ such as ribosomes and mitochondria.

Phloem

________ and xylem cells from ________ and xylem tubes, which transport substances such as food and water around plants.

temperature

The ________: The higher it is, the faster the diffusion rate because the particles have more energy so move around faster.

slide

A(n) ________ is a strip of clear glass or plastic onto which the specimen is mounted.

Osmosis

________ is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.

Microscopy techniques

________ have developed over time as technology and knowledge have improved.

Stem cells

________ from meristems in plants can be used to produce clones of plants quickly and economically.

Crop plants

________ with special features such as disease resistance can be cloned to produce large numbers of identical plants for farmers.

surface area

The ________ of the membrane: The bigger it is, the faster the diffusion rate because more particles can pass through at once.

cell membranes

Water may move across ________ by osmosis.

dependent variable

The ________ is the chip mass and the independent variable is the concentration of the sugar solution.

nucleus of a cell

The ________ contains chromosomes made of DNA molecules.

alveoli

The ________ are specialised to maximise the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

multicellular organisms

In ________, surfaces and organ systems are specialised for exchanging materials.

Sugar molecules

________ are used for cell respiration.

Diffusion

________ is the spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Respiration transfers energy

________ that the cell needs to work.

gill filaments

The ________ are covered in lots of tiny structures called lamellae which increase the surface area even more.

Iodine solution

________ is a stain.

single DNA loop

It is a(n) ________ and there may be one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.

function of a sperm

The ________ is to get the male DNA to the female DNA.

Light microscopes

________ use light and lenses to form an image of a specimen and magnify it.

cell division

In mature animals, ________ is mainly restricted to repair and replacement.

Most animal cells have

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes

In addition to the parts found in animal cells, plant cells often have

chloroplasts, a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap

Nucleus

Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Cytoplasm

Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen

Cell membrane

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Mitochondria

These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respirations take place

Ribosomes

Where proteins are made in the cell / the site of protein synthesis

Cell wall

Made of cellulose

Vacuole

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts

Chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis which makes food for the plant

Plasmids

Small rings of DNA

The difference in concentrations (concentration gradient)

The bigger it is, the faster the diffusion rate

The temperature

The higher it is, the faster the diffusion rate because the particles have more energy so move around faster

The surface area of the membrane

The bigger it is, the faster the diffusion rate because more particles can pass through at once

Percentage change = final value

original value x 100/original value