Section 1-4: A frame of reference for anatomical studies

This starts on slide #34

Define anatomical position? what does the position look like?

• The standard body position used to describe the location of body structures

What does the position look like?

standing upright with palms facing forward

what is superficial anatomy? What does it do?

The study of structures on or near the surfaces of the body, such as the skin, muscles, and visible landmarks.

What does it do?

• Breaks the body into anatomical landmarks and regions and directions

What is sectional anatomy? What are some examples (4 listed)

The study of body structures in one section or slice at a time

Ex:

• Sagittal plane: divides the body into left and right portions

• Frontal (coronal) plane: divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions

• Transverse (horizontal plane): divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions

• Mid-sagittal plane: divides the body exactly down the middle

Define Body Cavities and their purpose (2 listed)

Space within the body that contains and protects internal organs

Purpose:

• Protects vital organs

• Allows organs to change in shape and size

What are the two main body cavity and what do they contain?

Dorsal (back) body cavity

• Contains:

1) Cranial cavity- Contains the brain

2) Spinal (vertebral) cavity- Contains the spinal cord

Ventral(front) body cavity

• Contains:

1) Thoracic cavity- Contains the heart and lungs

2)Abdominopelvic cavity- Contains organs in the abdomen (digestive) and pelvis

Define Thoracic cavity? how is it divided? What cavities does it contain?

Definition: chest cavity contains the lungs and heart

• What is it divided into?

2 pleural cavities + the mediastinum

• What cavities does it contains?

1) Pleural (left and right) cavities: each contain one lung

2) Visceral pleura: covers the lungs

3) Parietal pleura: lines the chest wall

4) Mediastinum: central area between the lungs; contains the heart and pericardium (serous/protective membrane associated with the heart)

What is the abdominopelvic cavity? What is it lined by? Where does it extend from? What organs does it contain? (4 organs listed)

Defintion: lower body cavity divided into the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

What is it lined by:

• Lined by the peritoneum (thin membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and helps cover/ support the organs)

Where does the abdominopelvic extend from?

• Extends from the diaphragm to the upper(superior margins) pelvic

What organs does it contain?

1) Liver

2) Stomach

3) Spleen

4) Most of the large intestine

What is the pelvic cavity? What organs does it contain? (3 organs listed)

Defintion: The lower portion of the abdominopelvic cavity, bordered by the pelvis and supported by a muscular floor.

What organs does it contain:

• Reproductive organs

• Urinary bladder

• Final portion of the large intestine