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Militarism

The belief in building up strong armed forces to prepare for war, leading to an arms race among European nations.

Alliances

Agreements between nations to provide mutual support; notably the Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy).

Imperialism

Competition among European nations for colonies, contributing to tensions.

Nationalism

Intense pride in one's nation, often leading to desires for independence and contributing to conflicts.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat, leading to U.S. outrage and involvement in WWI.

Zimmermann Telegram

A secret proposal from Germany to Mexico for an alliance against the U.S., which helped sway American public opinion towards war.

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The event that sparked the outbreak of World War I.

U.S. Declares War

In April 1917, the U.S. officially joins the Allied Powers in WWI.

Armistice

The agreement that ended fighting in WWI, signed on November 11, 1918.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that imposed harsh penalties on Germany and established the League of Nations.

Social Security Act

Established pensions for the elderly and unemployment insurance in 1935.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Provided jobs for young men in environmental projects.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Created public works projects to provide jobs.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Insured bank deposits to protect consumers.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Regulated the stock market to prevent future crashes.

Adolf Hitler

Leader of Nazi Germany whose aggressive policies led to WWII.

Benito Mussolini

Fascist leader of Italy who allied with Hitler.

Joseph Stalin

Leader of the Soviet Union, initially part of the non-aggression pact with Germany.

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)

U.S. President who implemented the New Deal to combat the Great Depression.

World War I

Global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918.

World War II

Global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945.

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote in 1920.

Stock Market Crash

The crash on October 29, 1929, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Armistice Day

November 11, 1918, the date that marked the end of fighting in WWI.

Attack on Pearl Harbor

The event on December 7, 1941, that led to U.S. entry into World War II.

Cause of the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Sparked the beginning of World War I.

Effect of the Treaty of Versailles

Fostered resentment in Germany, contributing to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of World War II.

Effect of the Stock Market Crash (1929)

Led to the Great Depression, widespread poverty, and unemployment.

FDR’s New Deal

Provided relief and recovery programs, but did not fully end the Great Depression.

Effect of the Attack on Pearl Harbor

Led to U.S. entry into World War II.

Nature of Warfare in World War I

Characterized by trench warfare and static front lines.

Nature of Warfare in World War II

Characterized by mobile warfare with significant use of air power and tanks.

Major Battles of World War I

Notable battles include the Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Verdun.

Major Battles of World War II

Notable battles include D-Day and the Battle of Stalingrad.