ush ww1 + 1920s part 2

The Great War

Also known as World War I, began in 1914 and involved a system of military alliances in Europe.

Neutrality

The stance maintained by the United States at the beginning of World War I before declaring war in 1917.

Great Migration

The movement of 1.6 million mostly rural African Americans to cities during the war for work in defense industries.

Zimmermann Telegram

A secret communication from Germany to Mexico proposing a military alliance against the United States, which contributed to U.S. entry into WWI.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 treaty that ended World War I, imposing heavy reparations on Germany.

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson's proposal for peace after World War I, advocating for self-determination and a League of Nations.

Lusitania

British liner torpedoed by a German U-boat in 1915, resulting in the deaths of 128 Americans.

Prohibition

The legal ban on the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States starting in 1920.

Nineteenth Amendment

Ratified in 1920, it granted women the right to vote in the United States.

Bolshevik Revolution

The 1917 uprising in Russia that led to the establishment of a communist regime.

Red Scare

A period of fear of communism and radical leftism in the U.S. following World War I, occurring in 1919-1920.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement in the 1920s centered in Harlem, celebrating African American literature, art, and music.

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

A controversial 1921 trial where two Italian immigrants were convicted of robbery and murder, highlighting anti-immigrant sentiments.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A major political scandal involving the Harding administration in the early 1920s, linked to bribery and corruption.

Jazz Age

A term used to describe the cultural period of the 1920s, characterized by jazz music and a lively social atmosphere.

Espionage Act

A 1917 law that made it a crime to interfere with military operations or support U.S. enemies during wartime.

Sedition Act

A law enacted in 1918 that prohibited speech or actions deemed disloyal to the U.S. government during WWI.

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

The U.S. forces sent to Europe during WWI, led by General John J. Pershing.

Warren G. Harding

Elected president in 1920, he called for a return to 'normalcy' after WWI.

Marcus Garvey

A leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, promoting black nationalism and pride.

Immigration Act of 1924

Legislation that restricted immigration to the United States and established quotas based on national origins.

Scopes Trial

The 1925 legal case in which a teacher was prosecuted for teaching evolution in a Tennessee public school.

League of Nations

An international organization established after WWI aimed at promoting peace and cooperation among countries.

The Roaring Twenties

A nickname for the decade of the 1920s, noted for its economic prosperity and cultural dynamism.

Urbanization

The process of cities growing as rural inhabitants moved to urban areas during the 1920s.

Civil Liberties

Personal freedoms that the government cannot infringe upon, which were curtailed during WWI.

Prohibition Era

The period from 1920 to 1933 when the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were banned.

Civil Rights Movement

The struggle by African Americans to attain equal rights and prevent oppression and discrimination.

African American Migration

The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban centers in the North during and after WWI.

Economic Boom

A period of significant increases in economic activity, particularly in the 1920s United States.

Nativism

A political policy favoring native inhabitants over immigrants and the restriction of immigration.

Cultural Conflict

The clash of ideas and beliefs between differing cultural groups, prevalent in the 1920s.

Isolationism

A national policy of avoiding involvement in international conflicts after WWI.

Progressivism

A political movement advocating for social reform, which lost momentum following WWI.

Economic Output Growth

The increase in the total value of goods and services produced in the U.S. between 1922 and 1927.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

An American author known for his novels depicting the Jazz Age and the American Dream.

Flappers

Women in the 1920s who challenged traditional gender norms through fashion and behavior.

KKK

The Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist and anti-immigrant organization that gained influence in the 1920s.

Rural and Urban Divide

The contrasting values and lifestyles between rural and urban populations in the early 20th century.

Mass Media

Forms of communication that reach large audiences, including radio and cinema during the 1920s.

Cultural Modernism

An artistic and cultural movement that sought to break away from traditional forms and ideas.

Labor Unrest

Public disorder caused by strikes and workers' demands for better conditions, particularly post-WWI.

Federal Government's Role

The active involvement of the U.S. government in the economy and social issues during and after WWI.

League of Nations Failure

The inability of the League of Nations to prevent future conflicts, undermined by U.S. non-participation.

Technological Innovations

Advancements in technology during the 1920s that transformed American lifestyle and economy.

Consumer Culture

A culture that emphasizes the acquisition of goods and services, prominent in the 1920s.

Arthur Schlesinger Jr.

A historian who described the 1920s as a period of cultural and social transformation.

Women's Suffrage Movement

The campaign for women's right to vote in the United States, culminating in the Nineteenth Amendment.

Civic Organizations

Groups formed to promote social change and civil rights, such as the NAACP.

Demographic Changes

Shifts in population characteristics and distributions, notably the migration patterns in the early 20th century.

Post-War Economy

The economic conditions and changes that occurred in the U.S. following the end of World War I.

Cotton Club

A famous jazz club in Harlem that showcased African American performers during the Renaissance.

Evangelical Fundamentalism

A religious movement emphasizing the literal interpretation of the Bible, opposing modernist views.

Hollywood's Golden Age

The period of significant growth and influence of the film industry in the 1920s and 1930s.

Labor Rights

The legal and social rights of workers, which faced challenges during the post-WWI era.

American Society in the 1920s

Characterized by economic prosperity, cultural change, and significant social conflict.

Social Stability Demand

The call for a return to traditional values and order in the post-war period.

Consumerism Rise

The increased focus on consumer spending and acquisition of goods in the 1920s.

Global Trade Expansion

The growth of international trade relations, particularly affecting American interests prior to WWI.

War Industries Board

An agency established to coordinate the production of war materials during WWI.

African American Urban Experience

The interactions and expressions of African Americans living in urban areas during the 20th century.

Moral Schism

The divide between progressive social movements and traditional cultural values in early 20th century America.

Wartime Propaganda

Media used to influence public opinion in favor of the war effort during WWI.

Social Conformity

The pressure to adhere to social norms and expectations, especially in the 1920s.

American National Identity

The development and evolution of what it meant to be American, particularly as a result of the war.

Historical Significance of WWI

WWI's lasting impact on global politics, economics, and society in subsequent decades.

Civil Rights Evolution

The gradual changes in laws and social norms regarding civil rights for marginalized groups.

Cultural Resilience

The capacity of cultural groups to adapt and thrive amidst societal changes and challenges.

Changing Gender Roles

The shifts in gender expectations and responsibilities during the 20th century, especially during the 1920s.

Modern Artists' Influence

The impact of modernist artists on American cultural expressions during the early 20th century.

Diplomatic Relations

The interactions between nations, shaped significantly by post-WWI treaties and agreements.

The __________ was a major economic downturn that occurred in the late 1920s, leading to widespread unemployment and hardship.

Great Depression

______________ refers to the cultural and artistic revival that occurred in Harlem during the 1920s, showcasing African American culture.

Harlem Renaissance

The __________ Act was a law that restricted immigration to the United States based on national origins, enacted in 1924.

Immigration

__________ was a women's rights activist known for her role in the women’s suffrage movement and her advocacy for gender equality.

Susan B. Anthony

The __________ was a period of innovation in music and dance during the 1920s, characterized by the popularity of jazz.

Jazz Age

In the context of U.S. history, __________ refers to the widespread fear of communist influence and radical leftism following World War I.

Red Scare

The term __________ signifies the cultural clash between modern and traditional values that was prevalent during the 1920s.

Cultural Conflict

The __________ was established to promote peace and prevent future wars after World War I, although it ultimately failed to do so.

League of Nations

The __________ was a scandal involving the secret leasing of federal oil reserves, which tarnished the Harding administration's reputation.

Teapot Dome

The __________ in Tennessee 1925 was a high-profile trial that challenged the legality of teaching evolution in schools.

Scopes Trial

__________ refers to the post-World War I national policy of avoiding foreign alliances and conflicts, particularly in the U.S.

Isolationism

The __________ was a controversial legal case involving the conviction of two Italian immigrants accused of murder, illustrating nativist sentiments.

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

__________ were young women in the 1920s known for their independent lifestyles and defiance of traditional dress and behavior.

Flappers

The period of __________ during the 1920s marked a significant increase in consumer spending and the proliferation of goods.

Consumerism

The __________ refers to the significant societal changes and civil rights advancements made by African Americans in the mid-20th century.

Civil Rights Movement

The __________ was an act that aimed to curb dissent during WWI, making it a crime to criticize the U.S. government.

Sedition Act

______________ is a set of beliefs emphasizing the importance of traditional religious values over modernist ideas, often associated with the 1920s.

Evangelical Fundamentalism

The __________ was a significant national protest movement advocating for prohibition, culminating in the Eighteenth Amendment.

Temperance Movement

The __________ refers to the social conditions and transformations in rural America as cities expanded during the 1920s.

Rural-Urban Migration

______________ is the term for the government’s increased involvement in regulating the economy and labor conditions during the early 20th century.

New Deal policies