Studied by 11 people
Carbon compounds
The building blocks of life essential for organisms' survival, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Alveolus
Microscopic balloon-shaped structures located at the end of the respiratory tree.
Polyploidy
A condition in which a cell has more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.
Nucleus
An organelle containing DNA, associated with histone proteins, organized into chromosomes.
Natural selection
The process by which variations that are favorable for survival are passed on to offspring.
Hydrolysis
A reaction that breaks down macromolecules into smaller units for absorption by cells, utilizing water.
Condensation
A chemical reaction that joins monomers to form macromolecules.
Totipotent Stem Cells
Stem cells capable of differentiating into any cell type, including placental cells.
Pluripotent Stem Cells
Stem cells that can differentiate into all body cells but cannot form a complete organism.
Multipotent Stem Cells
Stem cells that can differentiate into a few closely related body cell types.
Unipotent Stem Cells
Stem cells that can only differentiate into their associated cell type.
Holozoic Nutrition
A type of nutrition involving ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion of solid food.
Saprotrophic Nutrition
A type of nutrition where organisms feed on dead and decaying matter, involving external digestion.
Selective Breeding
The process of choosing specific organisms to reproduce, leading to rapid changes in populations.
Tidal Volume
The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.
Ventilation Rate
The number of breaths taken per minute, crucial for gas exchange in the alveoli.
Cell Membrane Structure
Composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrate groups, with cholesterol being a significant lipid component.
Genomes
The total genetic information of an organism, consisting of all DNA sequences necessary to build and maintain that organism.
Chromosomes
Long threads of DNA and proteins located in the nucleus, organized in pairs, containing many genes.
Speciation
The formation of new species through reproductive isolation, often due to geographical barriers.
Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of solutes across a cell membrane down their concentration gradient with the aid of membrane proteins.
Active Transport
The movement of particles against their concentration gradient using energy.
Selectivity in Membrane Permeability
A property of membranes allowing only certain molecules to pass while restricting others.
Xylem
Vascular tissue in plants that transports water and minerals, strengthened by lignin.
Transpiration
The process where plants lose water vapor from leaves through stomata.
Coral Reefs Conditions
Require specific environmental factors, like temperature and pH, for formation.
Atypical Cells
Cells that do not have typical structures found in most eukaryotic cells.
Heart Rate Measurement
Counting beats at the radial or carotid artery, calculating beats per minute.
Ethical Testing of Human Subjects
Requires written consent from subjects; parental consent for those under 16.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Includes plaque buildup in arteries that can lead to ischemia.
Niche Components
Includes habitat, activity patterns, and resource acquisition of an organism.
Biodiversity
The variety of life forms in an ecosystem, reflecting genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity.
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