Race, Ethnicity Week 7 (EXAM 2)

How many Americans die every 30 minutes from unsafe workplace conditions?

4 people

In workplace incidents, there is usually documented evidence, but

punishments typically are limited to fines with little or no jail time

During the early days of COVID, how many people died or were infected in meat packing industry?

269 dead, 59,000 sick

This chapter focuses on society’s views of what two types of crimes?

One-on-One crime vs. white collar, workplace hazards, climate change

Define the Carnival Mirror Hypothesis

Our current understanding of “crime” is based on a distorted perception of harm and creates a distorted image of who criminal offenders “really are”

CJ system wants us to believe that who is the source of most crimes and who is not?

Poor and minorities are the source of most crime, wealthy people, corporations, and politicians are not

Textbook argues that crime should include ___ and ___ actions that cause harm to Americans

ANY and ALL actions (ie. Physical harm, financial harm, environmental harm)

Why does society view one-on-one crimes as the only real crimes and not others?

They are more invasive and terrifying

Why aren’t things like workplace, environmental harms considered to be crimes?

society thinks “these companies all have a legitimate desire to be profitable, we need them in society, they didn’t intend to harm anyone”

Role of the Media

most common definitions of crime are blown out of proportion by the media’s depiction of crime (movies, tv shows, podcasts, novels), are much more violent than real life

What does the media do to our image of crime?

Violence is the biggest threat in society, violent offenders deserve the harsh punishments that they get

Even factual news reporting of crime messes up people’s understanding of “crime” Example

yellow journalism, click-bait, sensationalism (TMZ, Buzzfeed)

Since the early 90’s, TV news coverage of violent crime has ___

Increased dramatically

What is the least common crime? Yet who keeps focusing on it?

Murder, The media (news, true crime)

The media is more likely to depict poor and minority offenders in a more negative manner, especially if who is the victim?

A young, white, female victim

Defenders of the Present Legal Order

Anyone who believes that “real” crimes are the one-on-one, more direct events ONLY (murder, rape, robbery, assault, theft), also believe that other types of crime that aren’t one-on-one are NOT AS SERIOUS

R&L do Not claim that Defenders are ____, Nor are they ___ or ____

Defenders are not bad people, nor are they ignorant or bigoted, they simply belief that other types of harms should be dealt with by the government not the CJ system.

According to Defenders, someone who _____ harms another is worse than someone who harms without intent

Intentionally

According to Defenders, being harmed directly by another person is more terrifying than being harmed ____

Indirectly

Someone who harms another Illegitimately is worse than someone who harms another in a _____ _____ _____

Legitimate business endeavor

According to Defenders, the harms of “real” criminals are imposed on victims against their wills, whereas harms imposed occupationally are ____ to buy employees who _____ to _____ there

Consented, Choose to Work there

According to the textbook, intent to cause harm is already defined by our current laws

Purposefully, knowingly, recklessly, negligently (Alec Baldwin case)

Most violent crimes are NOT committed by professional criminals/strangers, but by who?

people we know

R&L argue that being trapped in a mine, dying of cancer is just as scary as what?

“Real” crimes (one-on-one crimes)

What federal agency is responsible for regulating US workplace hazards and violations?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

What is the third leading cause of death in the US behind only heart disease and cancer?

Medical malpractice

80-90% of all cancers come from preventable _____ sources

environmental sources including exposure to chemicals or chemical compounds

White collar crime was coined by who?

Edwin Sutherland (Differential associations, 1941)

What is white collar crime?

crime committed by any professionals in the course of their legitimate occupation/business