Cell Biology Flashcards

Flashcards on Cell Biology, Introduction to Chemical Foundations

individual

.The __ cells that form our bodies can grow, reproduce, process information, respond to stimuli, and carry out an amazing array of chemical reactions. These abilities define life.

common ancestral cell

All living organisms descended from a __.

diffusion

Cells are small because They rely on __ and have a large surface area to volume.

Bacteria, Archaea

and are prokaryotic, while all other living organisms are eukaryotic.

organelles

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-enclosed compartments called __.

linear sequence

Genetic information is coded in the __ of DNA.

Transcription

__ is the enzyme that converts information in DNA into the amino acid sequences of proteins.

Translation

__ is the process of producing proteins from the information encoded in mRNA.

ATP

__ is produced mainly in mitochondria.

Plant

Model organisms used to study molecular cell biology include Yeast, Fruit fly, Nematode, Zebrafish, Mice, and __.

autonomous unit

Viruses do not represent an __ of life.

molecule

A __ is when two or more atoms are bonded together.

Chemical bond

__ are attractive force that links atoms together to form molecules.

Covalent

__ bonds are formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Electronegativity

__ is the attractive force that an atomic nucleus exerts on electrons.

Hydrogen

__ bond is the attraction between a δ– region of a molecule and a δ+ hydrogen.

Ions

__ are electrically charged particles— when atoms lose or gain electrons

Ionic bonds

__ are formed by the electrical attraction of positive and negative ions

Salts

__ are ionically bonded compounds

van der Waals Interactions

__ is a weak nonspecific attractive Force that forms transient dipoles between two closely associated atoms, giving rise to weak attractive forces between the two atoms

Nonpolar molecules

__ or portions of molecules tend to aggregate in water.