BIO 112 Notes: Animal Nutrition

Digestion

Digestion

________ is the process of breaking down food into molecules small enough to absorb.

Ingestion

________ is the act of eating or feeding.

Mutualistic adaptations

________ in humans have also been formed to correlate with diet.

mainly plants

Herbivores, which eat ________ and algae.

Absorption

________ is the uptake of nutrients by body cells.

process of animal

Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the ________ nutrition.

Food processing

________ can be divided into four distinct stages.

simple body plans

Animals with ________ have a gastrovascular cavity that functions in both digestion and distribution of nutrients.

Elimination

________ is the passage of undigested material out of the digestive system.

Vertebrates

________ also have stomach and intestinal adaptations.

longer alimentary canals

Herbivores and omnivores generally have ________ than carnivores, reflecting the longer time needed to digest vegetation.

Essential nutrients

________ are required by cells and must be obtained from dietary sources.

intracellular digestion

In ________, food particles are engulfed by phagocytosis.

Extracellular digestion

________ is the breakdown of food particles outside of cells.

Food processing

ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

Simple body plan

gastrovascular cavity

Complex body plan

alimentary canal (specialized)

Dentition

an animals assortment of teeth

Herbivores and omnivores

have longer alimentary canals

Intestinal bacteria

produce vitamins

Mutualistic bacteria

digest cellulose in some animals