Functional Groups and Natural Product Chemistry

Vocabulary flashcards covering key functional groups and chemical compounds found in plants, biological systems, medications, and everyday substances based on the lecture slides.

Hydroxyl Group

A functional group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom ($-OH$ or $R-OH$).

Carbonyl Group

A functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom ($C=O$), found in aldehydes and ketones.

Carboxyl Group

A functional group consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group ($-COOH$ or $R-COOH$).

Amino Group

A functional group containing a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms ($-NH_2$ or $R-NH_2$).

Sulfhydryl Group

A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom ($-SH$ or $R-SH$).

Phosphate Group

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, including one double bond and two hydroxyl groups ($R-O-PO(OH)_2$).

Methyl Group

A nonpolar functional group consisting of a carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms ($-CH_3$).