14. 1.2 routing

What is a remote host in networking?

A remote host is a device that is beyond the local network segment and connects to other homes, businesses, and the internet.

What is the process of routing?

Routing is the process of identifying the best path to a destination for data packets.

What role does a router play in a network?

A router connects multiple Layer 3, IP networks, directing traffic and performing functions critical to efficient network operation.

How do routers make forwarding decisions?

Routers make forwarding decisions based on Layer 3 IP addresses, unlike switches which use Layer 2 MAC addresses.

What does the packet format contain?

The packet format contains the IP addresses of the destination and source hosts, along with the message data being sent.

What happens when the network portions of the source and destination IP addresses do not match?

A router must be used to forward the message to ensure it reaches the correct destination.

What does a router do when it receives a message?

The router de-encapsulates the Ethernet frame, reads the destination IP address, determines how to forward the message, re-encapsulates it, and sends it onwards.

Provide an example of a network scenario that requires a router.

If a host on network 1.1.1.0 sends a message to a host on network 5.5.5.0, the message must go through a router.