Tissues and Skin personal

tight junctions

holding cells tightly together so nothing passes

desmosomes

holding cells together at one spot in an interstital space. allows things to pass through

hemidesmosome

holding onto the underlying extracellular matrix or basement membrane

gap junctions

channel allows connection between 2 cells cytoplasms to allow for easy connection

epithelial tissue

cover surface and line cavities. has unique basement membranes and reproduce rapidly. can be simple or stratified. more specifically, squamous, cuboidal, or columnar

simple tissue

one layer

stratified tissue

mutliple layers

squamous

flat broad cells

cuboidal

cube like cells

columnar

long rectangular cells

connective tissues; adipose, areolar, irregular dense

cells are widely spread with intercellular matrix being fluid to solid. protein fibers may be present in the matrix, such as collagenous or elastic. Also has fibroblasts and macrophages. list types.

fibroblast

building fibers

macrophage

large eating molecules

muscle tissue

contains protein filaments, meant for contracting, not always controlled

1. protection and immunity 2. exteroception 3. regulation of body 4. vitamin D production 5. excretion

functions of integumentary system

simple cuboidal epithelium

sweat glands, tight junction

stratified squamous epithelium

epidermis, prevents water loss

adipose connective tissue

holds fat, small extracellular matrix,

areolar connective tissue

extracellular matrix, dermis, surrounding fibroblast

irregular dense fibrous connective tissue

collagen and strength

smooth muscle

gap junctions for impulses. not always controlled or felt

collagenous

strength and large connective fibers in connective tissue in extracellular matrix

elastic

smaller and stretchier than collagenous fibers in connective tissue in extracellular matrix

epidermis

basically just stratified squamous epithelium

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosome, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum; cells hold together by desmosomes

list layers of epidermis and what holds it together

stratum basale

deepest layer where cells are born and melanocytes live

stratum spinosum

high metabolic activity. thriving cells

stratum granulosum

too far away to get nutrients from dermis. no blood vessels in epidermis only dermis. NOT thriving

stratum lucidum

only present in cornified skin. translucent layer of dead skin cells

stratum corneum

dead sacs of keratin at top layer

keratinization

living cells fills with tough fibrous protein called keratin then die to form protective layer

melanosomes

produce melanocytes in stratum basale

melanocytes

produces melanin within extracellular matrix of epidermis

amount of melanin

what is skin color based on

dermal papillae, areolar connective tissue, irregular fibrous connective tissue, skeletal and smooth muscle, blood vessels, nerves, hair and glands

list parts of the dermis within the extracellular matrix

hypodermis

not part of skin, but integumentary system. lots of adipose tissue

hair follicle anatomy and physiology

ball of cells in stratum basale from keratinization.

arrector pili muscle

contracts and pulls hair

methods of exocrine gland excretion

merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

exocrine

secrete material in duct

merocrine glands

secrete merely product of interest

apocrine gland

secrete a portion of cytoplasm

holocrine gland

secrete entire cell

merocrine sudoriferous glands

connect to surface of skin to cool us

axillary or pubic regions, hairy excretions that send signals rather than thermoregulation; merocrine.

apocrine sudoriferous glands. What type of gland?

sebaceous glands

holocrine method of secretion where the duct connects to the hair follicle to keep hair pliable

dermal papillae

small, finger-like projections of the dermis that extend upward into the epidermis, increasing the surface area between the skin layers

what holds the epidermis together

desmosomes

what holds sweat glands together

tight junctions

merocrine

all sudoriferous glands are _______ glands

Radiation method of temperature regulation

no physical contact required, releasing heat from body

Conduction method of temperature regulation

requires physical contact for heat to be pulled out of body

convection method of temperature regulation

air current moves heat around

Evaporation method of temperature regulation

physical conversion of liquid to gas

1. vessels dilate or constrict, to either conserve or release heat

2. shivering/moving around in order to generate heat

3. merocrine glands release sweat to evaporate, smooth muscle tissue on hair contracts to trap hair to insulate

List the corresponding attiributes of each physiological method of temperature regulation:

1. alteration of blood flow

2. muscular activities

3. sweat glands, hairs

role of negative feedback in temperature regulation

reversing the trend of getting to hot or too cold

list types of hyperthermia from least to most extreme

heat exhaustion, heat stroke

papillary; reticular

_______ is the upper layer of the dermis, while _________ is the lower layer