Imperialism, World War I, and the Great Depression Flashcards

Flashcards covering the concepts of Imperialism, the Opium Trade, World War I causes and warfare, the Great Depression, the New Deal, ancient American empires, the Ottoman Empire, and the Green Revolution.

Imperialism

When a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation economically, socially, and politically.

Industrialization Raw Materials

Natural resources such as palm oil, rubber, oil, cotton, tobacco, and diamonds needed to meet the demands of the Industrial Revolution.

White Man’s Burden / Social Darwinism

Ideologies used as humanitarian reasons for imperialistic powers to justify their actions.

Treaty Port

A port under the control of a foreign power where they are allowed to bring in any type of trade goods, often established in China after the Opium Wars.

Extraterritorial Rights

Rights granted to foreign powers that allow their citizens not to be subject to the laws of the host country, such as China.

Sphere of Influence

An area in which a foreign nation controlled trade and investment.

Boxer Rebellion

An uprising in China aimed at ridding the country of all foreign influence, which resulted in increased Chinese nationalism.

Taiping Rebellion

A movement in China that wanted to rid the country of foreign influences like tobacco and drugs, but accepted aspects like Christianity and gender equality.

Militarism

The policy of keeping an army prepared for war; one of the MAIN causes of World War I.

Triple Entente

The alliance of England, France, and Russia during World War I, also known as the Allies.

Triple Alliance

The alliance of Germany, Italy, and the Austria-Hungarian Empire during World War I, also known as the Central Powers.

The Balkans

A region known as the 'powder keg of Europe' because of its long history of nationalistic uprisings and ethnic clashes.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The next leader of the Austrian Empire whose assassination served as the 'spark' that ignited World War I.

The Black Hand

A nationalistic group from Bosnia that assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand to seek independence for Bosnia.

Trench Warfare

A form of combat resulting in a bloody stalemate characterized by mud, disease (Trench Foot), and shellshock.

Battle of Attrition

A prolonged war or battle where the goal is for one country or alliance to fight longer than their opponents to exhaust their resources.

Total War

A conflict in which all national resources, including materials from colonies and colonial forces, are directed toward the war effort.

No-Man's Land

The dangerous area situated between two opposing sets of trenches.

Zeppelins

Large gas-filled balloons used by the Germans during World War I.

Lusitania Affair

A 1915 event involving the sinking of the Cunard steamship by a submarine, leaving approximately $1,260$ dead.

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

The treaty ending World War I which required Germany to pay $33 ext{ billion dollars}$, lose all colonial possessions, and lose its standing military.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929, the day the stock market crashed, leading to the Great Depression.

Buying on Margin

A practice of over-speculation where people bought stock with borrowed money and used those stocks as collateral to buy more.

PWA (Public Works Administration)

An FDR New Deal program that created $8.5 ext{ million jobs}$ between 1935 and 1943 by building infrastructure like the Hoover Dam.

CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)

A work relief program that hired young men ages $18$ to $25$ to complete environmental projects, planting over $3 ext{ billion trees}$.

Social Security Act (1935)

A New Deal program created to help guarantee an income for unemployed and retired workers to prevent poverty in retirement.

FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)

An agency created to protect bank deposits, which today safeguards savings up to $ext{\$}250,000$.

SEC (Security and Exchange Commission)

A commission established in 1934 to regulate the stock market and protect investors from fraud.

Chinampas

Floating gardens used as an achievement of the Aztec Empire.

Quipu

A system of knotted strings used by the Inca Empire to record numerical and other information.

Suleyman I

The leader under whom the Ottoman Empire reached its height of power from 1520 to 1566.

Green Revolution

A movement in the 1960s and 1970s where scientists used cross-breeding to create new seed strains for larger crop yields.

Double Cropping

A negative effect of the Green Revolution where planting more seeds in the same soil causes it to lose nutrients more quickly.