PSYC Taftmeds 3

anterograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia

brain damage with impaired ability to remember new
things

declarative memory

long-term memory for facts and events

non-declarative
memory

long-term memory demonstrated in behavior

procedural memory

knowing how to do something

priming

presented before target and helps in processing it

episodic memory

memory for personal experiences and what, where, and
when information

semantic memory

memory for general knowledge, concepts, and language

concepts

mental representations of categories of object

schema

general; packet of information about the world, events, or
people

script

specific; information about the order of events in a
particular situation

repetition
suppression

less brain activity when presenting a stimulus many
times

semantic dementia

brain damage with impaired semantic memory but intact
episodic memory

saying-is-believing
effect

presenting inaccurate information and retrieving those
inaccuracies later; believing your own lies

autobiographical
memory

memory for events of your own life without where and
when information

flashbulb memories

vivid and detailed emotional memories of major events

flashbacks

intense, emotional memories of traumatic events recalled
involuntarily by people with PTSD

childhood amnesia

adults often don’t remember events prior to the age of 3

reminiscence bump

older people recall most memories from ages 10 and 30

confirmation bias

eyewitness memory distorted by expectations

misinformation effect

eyewitness memory distorted by misleading information
after an event

weapon focus

eyewitnesses focus on one important aspect of an event
and ignore details

unconscious
transference

eyewitnesses identify familiar but innocent face as
suspect

retrospective
memory

memory for things in the past

prospective memory

remembering that you have to do something in the future

meta-memory

beliefs and knowledge about your own memor

orthography

letters and word spellings

phonology

part and whole word sounds

lexical decision task

quickly decide whether a string of letters forms a word

naming task

rapidly pronounce out loud visual words

word superiority
effect

target letter rapidly identified when presented in a word
rather than non-word letter string

pseudoword

strings of letters that can be pronounced

surface dyslexia

impaired ability to read irregular or exception words but
intact regular word reading

lexicon

mental store of detailed information about words

deep dyslexia

impaired ability to read unfamiliar words and
pseudowords with semantic errors

homophones

words spelled differently but pronounced the same

semantics

meaning conveyed by words, phrases, and sentences

syntax

set of rules about word order within sentences

grammar

set of rules about acceptable word orders and parts of
speech

parsing

how people take apart and understand syntactical or
grammatical structure of sentences

pragmatics

real world understanding of language; intended meaning