HEMA PT 1 LESSON 1 AND 3 PRELIMS

Lesson 1 and 3

Granulopoiesis is a production of what specific granulocytes?

Basophil

Eosinophil

Neutrophil

T cells are for ____

Immunity and Fights infection

B cells are for ____

production of antibodies

Lifespan of RBCs

120 days

The following are the function of Hematopoiesis except

A. Cell renewal

B. Expansion

C. Differentiation

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

D.

What are found in the phase wherein it begins in the yolk sac?

Primitive erythroblast

In the mesoblastic phase, the cells from ___ migrate to the ___

Mesoderm, Yolk sac

These type of erythroblasts are important in early embryogensis to produce hemoglobin

Transient yolk sac erythroblasts

This phase is the start for the alpha globin production

Mesoblastic phase

Major site for hematopoiesis during the mesoblastic phase?

Yolk sac

Responsible for oxygen transport and is the first product of the yolk sac to ensure sufficient oxygen for the embryo to ruvive

Hemoglobin

Globin chain combination for the embryonic hemoglobin gower 1

2 Epsilon and 2 Zeta

Globin chain combination for embryonic hemoglobin gower 2

2 ALpha, 2 Epsilon

Hepatic phase begins at what gestational week?

5th to 7th week or 2nd Trimester

Major site of hematopoiesis during the hepatic phase?

Liver

What are the organs that are starting to develop during the hepatic phase?

Spleen

Kidney

Thymus

Lymph nodes

What is the first fully developed organ in the fetus?

Thymus

This is the site wherein T cells are produced

Thymus

True or False

Kidney and Spleen - T cells
Thymus - B cells

False

Kidney and Spleen produces B cells and Thymus produces T cells

True or False

During the hepatic phase, granulocytes and monocytes are produced 80% meanwhile erythroblasts are produced 20%

False, during the hepatic phase the majority of cells produced are Erythroblasts at 80%

Hepatic phase produce what type of hemoglobin?

Fetal Hemoglobin

True or False

Thymus shrinks with age, leading to decreased immunity

True

What is the globin chain combination of the fetal hemoglobin

2 Alpha, 2 Gamma

True or False

WBCs, Platelets, Megakaryocytes are less produced in the medullary phase for adult levels

False. During the medullary phase, there is myeloid-to-erythroid ratio which 3:1 for adult levels 

What is the major site for the medullary phase?

Bone marrow

What are the measurable levels found in medullary phase?

Erythropoietin (EPO), (G-CSF), (GM-CSF). Hemoglobin F and A

The focus of this phase is the production of myeloid cells, leading to the generation of WBCs, platelets, and megakaryocytes.

Medullary phase

What is the globin chain combination of Hemoglobin A?

2 Alpha, 2 Beta

What is the globin chain combination of Hemoglobin A2?

2 Alpha, 2 Delta

What organ is one of the key sites responsible for releasing antibodies and providing immunity and becomes inflamed during an infection?

Lymph nodes

What organ is responsible for producing large numbers of B lymphocytes?

Spleen

The primary lymphoid tissue consists of

A. Bone marrow and Lymph nodes

B. Spleen and liver

C. Thymus and Bone marrow

D. None of the above

C.

What are the organs included in the secondary lymphoid cells?

Spleen

Lymph nodes

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 

What is one of the largest organs in the body?

Bone marrow

This component of bone marrow is hematopoietically active

Red marrow

What are the 4 main functions of bone marrow?

1. Production of blood cells

2. Destruction of erythrocytes

3. Iron storage (from Hb breakdown)

4. Central organ for B lymphocyte development.

True or False 

Yellow marrow is abundant in babies

False, it is abundant during 5 and 7 years of age

What does yellow marrow consist of?

Adipocytes (fat cells) with undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and macrophages

It regulates the flow of particles entering and leaving hematopoietic spaces.

Endothelial cells

Secretes various steroids that influence erythropoiesis, maintain bone integrity and regulates the volume of marrow

Adipocytes

Function in phagocytosis and secretion of various cytokines that regulates hematopoiesis

Macrophages

Bone-forming cells

Osteoblasts

Bone-resorbing cells

Osteoclasts

Supports the vascular sinuses and developing hematopoietic cells

Reticular cells

If RBCs reach the end of their lifespan and break down, what do they release?

Hemoglobin

Largest lymphoid organ

Spleen

What organ serves as a storage site for platelets?

Spleen

What region of spleen consists of scattered follicles with germinal centers containing lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells?

White pulp

What method is used if cells are phagocytized with subsequent degradation of cell organelles

Culling

This method of removal of senescent involves removal of Heinz bodies

Pitting

What interleukin is involved in producing platelets?

IL-3

IL-1

IL-6

IL-11

What interleukin is involved in producing Granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells?

IL-3

Normal pH of deoxygenated blood

7.35

Liquid portion of the unclotted blood

Plasma

True or False

Blood is approximately 20 gms solid/10 mL

False, it is 20 gms solid/100 mL

Used to assess the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow

Reticulocyte count

This occurs when platelets surrounds white blood cells

Platelet sattelitism

When platelet sattelitism occurs, what should be the next step?

Recollection using Citrate and EDTA tube

The process of formation and development of blood cells is

Hematopoiesis

During the second trimester of fetal development, the primary site of blood cell production is the ?

Liver

Which one of the following organs is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes and regulation of their expression CD4 and CD8?

Thymus

The best source of active bone marrow from a 20-year-old would be

A. Iliac crest

B. Femur

C. Distal radius

D. Tibia

A. Iliac crest

Which organ is the site of sequestration of platelets?

Spleen

Which one of the following morphologic changes occurs during normal blood cell maturation?

A. Increase in cell diameter

B. Development of cytoplasm basophilia

C. Condensation of nuclear chromatin

D. Appearance of nucleoli

C. Condensation of nuclear chromatin

Which one of the following cells is a product of the common lymphoid progenitor?

A. Megakrayocyte

B. T lymphocyte

C. Erythrocyte

D. Granulocyte

E. A and B

B. T lymphocyte

What growth factor is produced in the kidneys and is used to treat anemia with kidney disease?

EPO (Erythropoietin)

Which one of the following cytokines is required very early in the differentiation of a hematopoietic stem cell?

A. IL-2

B. IL-8

C. EPO

D. FLT3 Ligand

D. FLT3 Ligand

When a patient has severe anemia and the bone marrow is unable to effectively produce RBCs to meet the increased demand, one of the body’s responses is to:

A. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver and spleen

B. Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidney

C. Increased apoptosis of erythrocyte progenitor cells

D. Increased proportion of the yellow marrow in the long bones

A. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver and spleen