The Endocrine System and Hormonal Function

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the basic functions of hormones, the hypothalamus-hypophysis axis, and the differences between endocrine and exocrine glands.

Hormones

Chemical messengers that endocrine glands release into the blood vessels to act on specific target cells.

Target cells

Also known as "células diana" or "blanco," these are cells containing specific receptors for a particular hormone.

Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis

The connection point between the endocrine system and the nervous system that allows them to work in conjunction.

Hypothalamus

A brain structure within the central nervous system that receiving information from the environment and the body's interior to coordinate endocrine responses.

Neurohormones

Substances secreted by the nerve cells of the hypothalamus that enter the blood and act as hormones.

Hypophysis

An endocrine gland connected to the hypothalamus that receives information via neurohormones to secrete or stop secreting specific hormones.

Growth hormone

A hormone generated by the hypophysis that influences height, stimulates the immune system, and helps retain calcium in the bones.

Prolactin

A hormone produced by the hypophysis that stimulates the production of milk during pregnancy.

Tears

Substances produced in exocrine glands located in the eyes to provide lubrication and protection from desiccation and damaging particles.

Glands

Organs, tissues, or cells capable of releasing a chemical substance.

Endocrine glands

Glands that produce hormones and release them directly into the circulatory system.

Exocrine glands

Glands that do not secrete hormones but release substances like tears, saliva, and sweat that exit the body and do not travel through the blood.