Ch 8: African Americans Today

Defacto Segregation

segregation that results from residential patterns

Milliken v. Bradely

ruled that is was improper to order Detroit and the suburbs to have joint bussing which stopped the end of defacto segregation

Apartheid Schools

schools that are overwhelmingly black

Tracking

placing students in specific curriculum groups based on test scores and other criteria

Acting White

taking school seriously and accepting authority of teachers and administrators

Factors of reversal of Black college graduates

1. 1. Reduced financial aid and reliance on loans

2. 2. Pushing for higher standards in educational achievement without providing remedial courses

3. 3. Employment opportunities who lure African Americans who must contribute to their family’s income, who otherwise might have gone to collage

Class

people who share a similar level of income and wealth

Underemployment

working a job one is overqualified for, involuntarily working part time instead of full time, and being employed only intermittently

Strengths of African American Families

1. 1. Strong kinship bonds

2. 2. Strong work orientations

3. 3. Adaptivity of Family Roles

4. 4. Strong Achievement Orientations

5. 5. Strong Religious Orientation

Zoning Laws

ensure specific laws of housing construction will be satisfied

Zoning laws in the suburbs have low- and moderate-income housing that would attract African Americans who want to move out of the cities

True

Victimization Surveys

systematic interviews carried out annually to see how much crime occurs

Differential Justice

White defendants delt with more leniently the black, black youth are dealt with more harshly

Foster v. Chatman

disproportionately barred blacks from serving in juries in death penalty cases

Victim Discounting

tendency to view crime as less socially significant if the victim is viewed as less worth

Medical Apartheid

the separated unequal healthcare system that characterizes health for black and Latinos

Shelby County v. Holder

invalidated provisions that required jurisdictions of states with a history of discriminatory voting practices to meet special criteria to ensure any future changes are fair to all