IPS1 - [Disperse System]- Preparation Of Emulsion, Theories Of Emulsification, Methods Of Determining The Type Of Emulsion

Proverbs 16:3

● Wet Gum Method (English Method)

● Dry Gum Method (Continental Method)

● Bottle Method

● Nascent Soap Method

Methods of Preparation for Emulsions

English Method

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Wet Gum Method is also known as ____

4:2:1 (Oil : Water : Gum)

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Ratio oil:water:gum for WET Gum Method

Wet Gum Method

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

This methods involves GUM being triturated first with WATER then OIL is added GRADUALLY to the gum-water mixture.

Continental Method

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Dry Gum Method is also known as ____

4:2:1 (Oil : Water : Gum)

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Ratio oil: water: gum for DRY Gum Method

Dry Gum Method

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

This method involves the OIL being mixed with the GUM and the WATER is added ALL AT ONCE to the oil-gum mixture.

Mortar and pestle

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Equipment used in Wet Gum and Dry Gum methods..

Bottle Method

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

This method is useful for VOLATILE OILS and oils with LOW VISCOSITY.

● Volatile Oils

● Oils with Low Viscosity

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Bottle Method is useful for ___ and ____

3:2:1 or 2:1:1 or 2:2:1 Oil : Water : Gum)

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Ratio of oil: water: gum for BOTTLE METHOD

Bottle Method

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

This method involves placing the OIL in a bottle and the GUM is added then the WATER is added GRADUALLY.

Nascent Soap Method

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

This method involves forming the soap first by mixing equal volumes of oil and alkali . The soap acts as emulsifying agent. A 50:50 ratio of oil to water ensures sufficient emulsion.

oil and alkali

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Nascent Soap Method involves forming the soap first by mixing equal volumes of ___ and ___ . The soap acts as emulsifying agent. A 50:50 ratio of oil to water ensures sufficient emulsion.

50:50

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Ratio of oil to water in NASCENT SOAP METHOD to ensure sufficient emulsion.

● Calcium Soaps

● Soft Soaps

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Examples of soaps used in NASCENT SOAP METHOD

Calcium soaps

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

These soaps are water in oil emulsions that contain certain vegetable oils, such as oleic acid, in combination with limewater.

Water in Oil (W/O)

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Calcium soaps are (W/O, O/W) emulsions that contain certain vegetable oils, such as oleic acid, in combination with limewater.

Oleic acid

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Calcium soaps are water in oil emulsions that contain certain vegetable oils, such as ____, in combination with limewater.

Limewater (freshly prepared)

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Calcium soaps are water in oil emulsions that contain certain vegetable oils, such as oleic acid, in combination with ____.

Calcium soaps

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

These soaps are prepared by mixing EQUAL volumes of OIL and LIMEWATER.

Oil and Limewater

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Calcium soaps are prepared by mixing EQUAL volumes of ___ and ____.

Olive oil (oleic acid)

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Oil phase used in CALCIUM SOAPS

Limewater (freshly prepared)

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Water phase used in CALCIUM SOAPS

Bottle method

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Method used in preparing CALCIUM SOAPS

Mortar Method

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

Method used in preparing CALCIUM SOAPS when emulsion contains ZINC OXIDE or CALAMINE.

● Zinc oxide

● Calamine

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR EMULSION]

MORTAR method is used in preparing CALCIUM SOAPS when emulsion contains ____ and ___

● Surface Tension Theory

● Oriented Wedge Theory

● Plastic or Interfacial Film Theory

Theories of Emulsification

Surface Tension Theory

[THEORIES OF EMULSIFICATION]

The use of SURFACTANTS result in the lowering of interfacial tension between two immiscible liquids.

Oriented Wedge Theory

[THEORIES OF EMULSIFICATION]

This theory assumes MONOMOLECULAR layers of emulsifying agent curved around a droplet of the internal phase.

Plastic or Interfacial Film Theory

[THEORIES OF EMULSIFICATION]

This theory places the emulsifying agent at the INTERFACE between the oil and water, surrounding the droplets of the internal phase as a thin layer of film adsorbed on the surface of the drops

Plastic theory

[THEORIES OF EMULSIFICATION]

Interfacial Film Theory is also known as___

● Dye Solubility Test

● Dilution Test

● Electrical Conductivity Test

Methods Of Determining The Type Of Emulsion

Dye Solubility Test

[METHODS OF DETERMINING THE TYPE OF EMULSION]

A small amount of water-soluble dye (like METHYLENE BLUE, BRILLIANT BLUE, AMARANTH GREEN) is added to the emulsion.

● Methylene Blue

● Brilliant Blue

● Amaranth Green

[METHODS OF DETERMINING THE TYPE OF EMULSION]

Water-soluble dyes used in DYE SOLUBILITY TEST

Sudan Red

[METHODS OF DETERMINING THE TYPE OF EMULSION]

OIL-soluble dye used in DYE SOLUBILITY TEST

Oil in Water (O/W) emulsion

[METHODS OF DETERMINING THE TYPE OF EMULSION]

Dye Solubility Test

If the dye dissolves and uniformly diffuses, it is an (O/W, W/O) emulsion.

Water in Oil (W/O) emulsion

[METHODS OF DETERMINING THE TYPE OF EMULSION]

Dye Solubility Test

If the particles of the dye lie in clumps on the surface, it is (O/W, W/O) emulsion.

Oil in Water (O/W) emulsion

[METHODS OF DETERMINING THE TYPE OF EMULSION]

Dilution Test

If it freely mixes with water, it is (O/W, W/O) emulsion.

Water in Oil (W/O) emulsion

[METHODS OF DETERMINING THE TYPE OF EMULSION]

Dilution Test

If it does not dilute with water, it is (O/W, W/O) emulsion.

TRUE

[METHODS OF DETERMINING THE TYPE OF EMULSION]

TRUE OR FALSE:

In ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY TEST, O/W emulsions conduct electric current, while W/O emulsions do not conduct electric current..