Chapter 3 Migration

asylum seeker

person who crossed international border to escape conflict and is actively waiting for a government/international angency to legally approve their protection claim

brain drain

the emigration of a country’s most educated and skilled workers to another country, offering higher pay or better conditions

brain gain

the arrival of skilled, educated people into a destination region through migration

chain migration

Voluntary migration where people move to a place because relatives or members of their home community have already settled there.

circulation

short term, repetitive, or cyclical movement that happens on a regular basis w/o a permanent change in residence

counter-urbanization

demographic process where peopl migrate out of major cities and move to smaller towns/rural areas

emigration

act of leaving one’s home country to (semi)-permanently settle in another

Ernest Ravenstein

19th century geographer who formulated “ravenstein’s laws of migration”, which are the og attempts to find a pattern in who moves, where, and why.

forced migration/ involuntary migration

permanent movement of people compelled to leave their homes due to external pressures like violence, persecution, or natural disasters, rather than personal choice

guest worker

voluntary migrant who moves to another country temporarily under a govt. work program or visa to fill labor shortges

immigration

the action of moving to a new country to settle (permanently)

internal migration

permanent/ semi permanent movement of ppl within the borders of a single country

internally displaced person

someone forced to flee home due to conflict, stays within their own country’s borders

interregional migration

when people change their permanent residence but stay inside the same region

intervening obstacle

barriers that slow or stop migration

intervening opportunity

chances that appear along the route that leads a migrant to settle somewhere other than the og destination

migrant labor

movement of ppl from one place to another to find work, often for seasonal or contract jobs

migration transition model

wilbur zelinsky, states that a country’s migr. patterns change predictibly as it develops through stages of dtm

pull factor

element that attracts migrants to come to a country

push factor

element that motivates migrants to move away

quota

govt imposed numerical limits or restriction on number of immigrants, refugees, or goods allowed entering .

refugee

person who is forced to flee bc of conflict

remittance

money being sent to family members from migrant workers.

step migration

voluntary movement of ppl to a distant detination in a series of short, gradual stages, rather than one long move.

transhumance

seasonal movement of herders and livestock between fixed pastures

unauthorized/ undocumented immigrant

individual who resides in country without legal authorization or documentation.