Inflammation and Tissue Repair

ORS 2 | Chapter 3: Inflammation and Tissue Repair

What are the 3 phases of tissue healing?

1. Inflammation

2. Proliferation

3. Maturation (Remodeling)

How long does the inflammation phase last?

About 1 to 6 days after injury

What happens during the inflammation phase?

• Blood vessels dilate

• Immune cells remove debris

• Redness, swelling, heat, pain appear

Key cells in the inflammation phase?

Neutrophils and macrophages

Best physical agent for inflammation phase?

Cryotherapy (cold therapy) to reduce swelling and pain

What is the main goal of the proliferation phase?

Rebuild tissue — form collagen, new skin cells, and blood vessels

When does the proliferation phase happen?

Starts around Day 3 and can last up to 20 days

What tissue forms during the proliferation phase?

Granulation tissue (new but weak connective tissue)

Which physical agents help during proliferation?

Ultrasound, e-stim, gentle heat (only if inflammation is gone)

What happens in the maturation phase?

• Collagen is reshaped and strengthened

• Tissue regains function and flexibility

How long does the maturation phase last?

From Day 9 up to 2 years

How strong is scar tissue after healing?

About 80% as strong as the original tissue

Best physical agents for the maturation phase?

Heat, motor-level e-stim, stretching exercises

What is chronic inflammation?

Ongoing inflammation that delays healing, often due to repeated injury or infection

What is Calor?

Heat — caused by increased blood flow (vasodilation) to the area

What is Rubor?

Redness — due to increased blood volume (hyperemia)

What is Tumor in inflammation?

Swelling — fluid and cells leaking into tissues (edema)

What causes Dolor (pain) during inflammation?

Pressure from swelling and release of pain-causing chemicals

What does funtio laesa mean?

Loss of function — the area can’t move or function normally due to pain and swelling