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13 Terms
1
Mineral
A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure.
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Crystal
A solid material whose atoms are arranged in a highly ordered, repeating pattern.
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Difference between a rock and a mineral
Minerals are defined substances with a specific chemical composition; rocks are composed of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
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Glass not considered a mineral
Glass lacks a crystalline structure, which is a key characteristic of minerals.
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5
Crystal structure
The orderly arrangement of atoms within a crystal, defining its shape and properties.
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Polymorphs
Different minerals that share the same chemical composition but have different crystal structures.
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Properties to identify minerals
Color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, fracture, and specific gravity.
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8
Silicate minerals structure
The silicate tetrahedron, which can be arranged into various structures such as chains, sheets, or three-dimensional frameworks.
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Major mineral classes
Silicates, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, and phosphate minerals.
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10
Three types of rocks
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
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How each rock forms
Igneous rocks form from cooled magma or lava; sedimentary rocks form from sediment consolidation; metamorphic rocks form from altered existing rocks under heat and pressure.
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Characteristics to describe rocks
Texture, composition, color, and grain size.
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Scales to observe rocks
Macro scale (visible to the naked eye), micro scale (under a microscope), and atomic scale (at the atomic level).
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