ECRYPTION TECHNIQUES - IAS

Encryption

Is the process of converting readable data (plaintext) into unreadable form (ciphertext) to protect confidentiality.

plaintext

readable data

unreadable

ciphertext

Decryption

Only someone with the correct key can convert the ciphertext back to plaintext

1. Symmetric Encryption

2. Asymmetric Encryption

Major types of Encryption

Symmetric Encryption

Same key used to encrypt & decrypt

Assymetric Encryption

Uses public & private key pair

Caesar Cipher (Classical Encryption)

Shifts every letter by a fixed number.

Example: Shift = 2

A → C

B → D

Y →A

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

Industry standard, very secure.

128

192

256

Key sizes of AES

1. WIFI

2. VPN

2. SSL / TSL

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is widely used in:

1. Public Key

2. Private Key

Assymetric Encryption uses two keys:

1. Digital Signatures

2. Secure websties

3. Email Encryption

Assymetric Encryption is widely used in:

RSA Encryption (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)

Mathematical algorithm using large prime numbers.

Very secure but slower than AES. (Advance Encryption Standard)

Hashing

Irreversible (cannot be decrypted)

One way encryption

1. Password Storage

2. Integrity Checking

3. Digital Signatures

Hashing is used in:

1. MD5 (not secure) (Message Digest Algorithm 5)

2. SHA-1 (not secure)

3. SHA 256 (recommended)

What are the Popular Hash Functions:

MD5 (not secure) - Message Digest Algorithm 5

Is a cryptographic hash function that produces a 128-bit hash value, usually shown as a 32-character hexadecimal string.

SHA-1 (not secure)

It is a cryptographic hash function that produces a 160-bit (40 character) hexadecimal hash from any input data.

SHA-256(bit)

Is a cryptographic hash function from the SHA-2 family. It produces a 256-bit hash value, usually shown as a 64-character hexadecimal string.

Secure Hash Algorithm

Meaning of SHA