photosynthesis

honors bio

what is directly produced during the light-independent reactions of photsynthesis

glucose

leaves look green because

they contain a molecule called chlorophyll

in a light-dependent reaction, water and sunlight is needed to make oxygen and ____

ATP

autotrophs (producers) can perform photosynthesis because they have

chloroplasts

what are raw materials for photosynthesis

water and carbon dioxide (CO₂) 

what is the ultimate original source of energy for living things

the sun

the stacks of disks in the chloroplast are called

grana (granum singular)

what is the chemical equation for photosynthesis

6CO₂ (carbon dioxide) + 6H₂O (water) → C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) + 6O₂ (oxygen)

what 2 energy rich molecules are created by light dependent reactions

ATP and NADPH

what cells are responsible for opening and closing stomates to regular water and gas exchange?

guard cells

the openings that are found in the leaves of plants are called

stomata

what organic molecule is the cells primary form of energy

ATP

what structure within the chloroplast contains chlorophyll and is the site of the light-dependent reactions

thylakoid membrane

what is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis

it carries high-energy electrons to the calvin cycle

what is the pigment in chloroplasts that performs photosynthesis

chlorophyll

what structure allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaf for photosynthesis

stomata

where does light independent reactions take place

stroma

what is the formula for glucose

C₆H₁₂O₆

what are the two products of light reactions that are needed for the Calvin cycle (made by light reactions)

NADPH and ATP

the interior space of the chloroplast (like cytoplasm)

stroma

what does a light reaction do

convert light energy to chemical energy (ATP and NADPH) for the dark reactions

where do light reactions happen in the chloroplast

thylakoid

where does a light-dependent reaction take place

thylakoid membrane

what are the reactants for photosynthesis

water, carbon dioxide, sunlight

what are the products of photosynthesis

oxygen, glucose

what is the main purpose of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis

to convert solar energy into chemical energy

another name for the Calvin cycle is

light independent reactions, dark reactions

what is the organelle where photosynthesis occurs

chloroplast

what molecule is fixed during the first step of the Calvin cycle

carbon dioxide

what are the stages of the Calvin cycle

carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP

what is the first stage of the Calvin cycle

carbon fixation - rubisco attaches to CO₂ and synthesizes it

what is the second stage of the Calvin cycle

reduction - 

what is the third stage of the Calvin cycle

regeneration of RuBP - 

C3 plant

a normal plant, doesn’t use methods to reduce photorespiration

C4 plant

light dependent and independent reactions are seperated, thrive in hot, moist environments

CAM plants

perform the calvin cycle during the day, light dependent reaction during the night - hot, dry environments

photosystem II 

comes first, splits water into oxygen

photosystem I

captures light energy and reexcited electrons

what are the reactants for photosynthesis

CO₂, Sunlight, and H₂O

what are the products of photosynthesis

O₂, glucose

which product of the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle

ATP and NADPH

what do the light reactions produce

ATP and oxygen

what stage does photosynthesis split water?

light dependent reactions