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Why did the world move out of the First Agricultural Revolution and into a series of new agricultural revolutions based on innovation and science to meet an increased global demand for food?
Technological advances of the Industrial Revolution benefited farmers with dramatically better yields and productivity.
Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
The Second Agricultural Revolution
Began in the 1700s, used the advances of the Industrial Revolution to increase food supplies and support population growth. Agriculture benefited from mechanization and improved knowledge of fertilizers, soils, and selective breeding practices for plants and animals.
Impact of the Second Agricultural Revolution
The net result was that people had more access to a greater variety of food, which increased life expectancies.
The Enclosure Acts
A series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled landowners to purchase and enclose land for their own use that had previously been common land used by peasant farmers.
What was the outcome of the Enclosure Acts?
Many farmers were forced off their land and lost their traditional way of life.
What did advancements in technology lead to?
Better diets, longer life expectancies, and an increased population.
Iron/Steel Plow
1819
Reduced Human labor
Could break through harder soil
Increased amount of crops grown per acre
Increased size of farms
Mechanized Seed Drilling
18th Century
Planted and covered each seed quickly
Resulted in increased yield per acre
McCormick Reaper/Harvester
1831
Increased harvest
Reduced Human labor
Reduced the amount of crops that perished in the field before harvest
Grain Elevator
1849
Increased storage space and food supply
Protected harvested food from animals and the elements
Barbed Wire
1870s
Provided inexpensive fencing to keep livestock in grazing areas
Demarcated Property
Mixed Nitrogen and Nitric Acid Fertilizer
1903
Increased crop yield per acre
Crop Rotation
The technique of planting different crops in a specific sequence on the same plot of land in order to restore nutrients back into the soil
What did the Second Agricultural Revolution result in?
Fewer, yet larger and much more productive farms. This change caused a decrease in the number of farm owners and an even greater drop-off in the need for agricultural laborers.
Irrigation
The process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using canals, pipes, sprinkler systems, or other human-made devices, rather than to rely on just rainfall.
The Third Agricultural Revolution
This revolution expanded mechanization of farming, developed new global agricultural systems, and used scientific and information technologies to further previous advances in agricultural production.
Dr. Norman Borlaug
The father of the Green Revolution, laid the foundation for scientifically increasing the food supply to meet the demands of an ever-increasing global population. His development of higher-yield, more disease resistant, and faster-growing varieties of grain are his more important contributions to the revolution.
Where was Borlaug's work successful in?
First it was a success in Mexico, then he worked with governments South Asia to deal with food shortages in the face if expanding populations.
Double Cropping
Growing more than one crop in a year in the same field while increasing the use of fertilizer and pesticides.
Hybrids
The process of breeding together two plants that have desirable characteristics to produce a single seed with both characteristics (EX: Long-grain rice from Indonesia and dense-grain dwarf rice from Taiwan to produce a rice grain that was both longer and denser)
Machinery
Tractors, tillers, broadcast seeders, and grain carts
GMOs
Genetically modified organisms, a process by which humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed.
Positive Impacts of the Green Revolution
• Global food production
Lower death rates
Growing population
Increased yields
Reduced Hunger
Negative Impacts of the Green Revolution
• Environmental damages
Gender inequalities
Economic obstacles
Failures In Africa
Reasons that the Green Revolution failed in Africa
Environmental, economic, and cultural factors'.
