A&P FINAL IMMUNE SYSTEM SHORT REVIEW

intergalactic love song-the diddys (brush up on immune cells and such)

phagocytes

ingest pathogens, damaged cells, and cellular debris; release toxic substances on to pathogens; present antigens to T cells. includes macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and dendritic cells.

NK cells

nonphagocytic cells related to lymphocytes that target and destroy certain cancer cells and certain virally infected cells

basophils/mast cells

nonphagocytic cells with granules that contain inflammatory mediators. mediate the inflammatory response

compliment proteins

group of around 30 plasma proteins produced by the liver. mediate cell lysis; enhance inflammation; bind and neutralize viruses; enhance phagocytosis through opsonization; trigger clearance of immune complexes.

tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

cytokine secreted primarily by activated macrophages in response to certain bacteria and other pathogens. induces death of tumor cells; causes flu like symptoms; attracts and stimulates phagocytes

interferons

cytokine produced by several cell types, generally in response to infection with intracellular pathogens. block viruses from infecting cells near already infected cells; induce flu-like symptoms

interleukins

large class of cytokines produced by several immune cells. induce flu-like symptoms, stimulate neutrophil production by the bone marrow, stimulate NK cells and the production of interferon, and activate T cells.

cytotoxic t cells

component of adaptive immunity. kill other cells specifically with foreign antigens bound to class 1 MHC molecules. can detect abnormalities in any cell type with a nucleus, which is critical for detection of cancer cells, foreign cells, and cells infected with intracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. require IL-2 to be fully activated.

helper t cells

component of adaptive immunity. have no phagocytic or cytotoxic ability. primarily exert effects through the secretion of cytokines that activate and enhance various components of the immune response. stimulate macrophages and activate cytotoxic T cells and B cells to proliferate and differentiate. required for normal function of all components of the immune system.

antibodies

action component of antibody-mediated immunity, directly responsible for its actions or effects in mediating the destruction of antigens to which they bind. functions include agglutination (clumping) and precipitation, opsonization (coating of pathogen, enhancing phagocytosis), neutralization (render toxins inactive), activation of complement proteins of innate immunity, and stimulation of inflammation.

memory B cells

responsible for antibody mediated immunological memory, respond more efficiently when an antigen is encountered a second time. persist in the body from years to an entire lifetime. kickstart secondary immune response.

dendritic cells

part of innate immune response, but main role is to activate T cells of adaptive immunity.