Week 2: Taking Charge of Your Health

What is a common misconception about health?

Health is sometimes known as the absence of physical disease, but it's really not.

What was wrong with the WHO definition of health?

They coined health as complete between mental, social well being and physical well being as well. However, this is not the case, it should be qualitatively not quantitative.

There are 2 determinants which play a major role in health what are they?

There are physical determinants and there are social determinants as well. They both play major roles.

What is wellness? Explain the definition here.

Wellness is known as an expanded version of health. It is known to be an ability to live life to the fullest, while also having vitality and emotional meaning to it.

True or False: Wellness is static, and it never changes.

False, wellness is not static - it is dynamic and it ever changes. It changes depending on the various determinants of health. Furthermore, if you influence one area of wellbeing in your life most likely you influence another area of wellness as well.

How many dimensions of wellness are there?

There are 9 dimensions of wellness.

What is the mnemonic for memorizing the 9 dimensions of wellness.

Friendly People Enjoy Ice Cream On Every Sunny Street-Corner

What are the 9 dimensions of wellbeing?

F - Financial Wellbeing

P - Physical Wellbeing

E - Environmental Wellbeing

I - Intellectual Wellbeing

C - Cultural Wellbeing

O - Occupational Wellbeing

E - Emotional Wellbeing

S - Spiritual Wellbeing

S.C - Interpersonal / Social Wellbeing

What are infectious diseases? How are they caused?

Infectious diseases are those diseases that are caused by micro-organisms, viruses and bacteria. They cause problems within the body, and they are communicable which means they can be given from one to another.

What is an example of an infectious disease?

Covid-19, HIV are all examples

In the August 2024, COVID-19 was able to take __ number of lives.

60,000.

In 2023, - ___ was ____ leading cause of death.

COVID 19 was 6th leading cause of death back in 2023.

What did the WHO do in May 2023 for COVID?

In May 2023, COVID was listed as not applicable to the Public Health Of Emergency of International Concern.

What is a way in which infectious diseases can be stopped?

Infectious diseases can be stopped by the Layers Approach.

What is a Chronic Disease?

A chronic disease is a disease in which is not communicable. It can be caused by social and physical determinants in health as well. They are unable to be contracted by others.

What is the top 3 leading causes of death in Canada, when it comes to Chronic diseases?

When it comes to Chronic disease, the top 3 leading causes of death would be Cancer, Heart Attacks and Strokes.

What was the life expectancy of male and females back in the early 1900's? Why was the number so low?

For males it was 59 years of age, and for females it was 62 years of age. It was so low because at the time there was Cholera, and other infectious diseases. This was due to improper sanitation, and drinking unclean water. There was also trades that was going on in the same time, and diseases would be contracted like that too.

From the years 1918 to 1920, which diseases were prevalent?

From the years 1918 to 1920, the diseases that were prevalent were the Spanish flu and it came in 3 waves, and killed over 50 - 100 million people in total.

How did the Public Health of 1900's make a good solution for this?

They followed the layered approach and they started to take healthy measures such as sanitation, and washing out the sewers and such.

What is the difference between Mortality and Morbidity?

Mortality is death, and Morbidity would be illness/disease.

When medicine first came out, what 2 aspects were dealt with?

The 2 aspects that were dealt with were Mortality and Morbidity.

In Canada now, what is the life expectancy?

For males it is 80 years, and for females it is 84 years of age. Furthermore, if they are over 65, males live 19 more years and females would be able to live 22 more years on the whole.

What is the leading chronic disease in Canada now, and what percent of death does it contribute to?

Cancer is the leading chronic disease in Canada right now, and it contributes to 40% of deaths in Canada.

When it comes to chronic diseases, what is the best course of action?

Prevention is the best course of action when it comes to chronic disease.

What are the leading preventable causes of death?

For the leading preventable causes of death, there is smoking, then there is poor diet, inactivity, and alcohol use.

What are the 5 ways in which you can reach wellness?

Wellness can be attained in the following ways

1. The individual must know that the habit that they are doing is wrong, and that it leads to health problems.

2. The individual must believe and accept that the habit is going to lead to health problems

3. Then the individual must know that there are specific resources that lower the risk of health problems

4. Then the individual must believe that life without the habit will be much better than the pleasure of the habit itself.

5. Then the individual must have other close ones that will support their idea in change.

How can you change health behaviours? (2 things)

One can change health behaviour by doing 2 things:

They must weigh out the pros and the cons.

Boost in confidence and self efficacy.

How do you build self-efficacy?

You can do this by doing 3 things

• You can visualize or do self talks

• You can have a role model or a specific support system

• You must hone in on on your internal locus (sense of responsibility).

What are the 6 stages transtheoritical model for behavioural change?

The 6 stages of this model are the following:

• Precontemplation = This is the stage in which they are continuing the behaviour and they have no signs of stopping for the next 6 months

• Contemplation = This is the stage in which they start to understand and educate themselves with the problems, They don't know how to start, and they want to stop on the next 6 months

• Preperation = They are starting to make small changes, and they are slowly working up to it. They are doing this within 1 month.

• Action = They start making action on the whole habit itself; These changes are made for 6 months and sustained throughout. This is the area that has the most risk of turning back.

• Maintenance = This is when they maintain their actions that they have done, the maintaining stage takes 6 months, and this whole process can be 6 months to 5 years long.

• Termination = This is when they leave the cycle of change, they are now sustained and they are able to carry on the habits. They are not tempted by their old character or habits anymore.

What is the Mneumonic for the Transtheoritical model?

PCPAMT

Do vaccines increase the risk for autism?

No they are safe and reliable overall.