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Memory
Internal record of past events and experiences.
Encoding
Conversion of information for storage in the brain.
Storage
Holding information for varying durations.
Retrieval
Locating and accessing stored information.
Multi-store model
Three-stage model by Atkinson and Shiffrin.
Sensory memory
Initial stage holding sensory information briefly.
Short-term memory
Current thoughts and information for decision making.
Long-term memory
Relatively permanent storage of information.
Procedural memory
Memory for skills and actions, implicit.
Declarative memory
Memory for facts and events, explicit.
Episodic memory
Memory of personal past events and experiences.
Semantic memory
Memory of facts and general knowledge.
Iconic memory
Visual sensory memory lasting less than 3 seconds.
Echoic memory
Auditory sensory memory lasting longer than visual.
Maintenance rehearsal
Repeating information for immediate use.
Elaborative rehearsal
Associating new info with existing knowledge.
Chunking
Grouping information into larger, meaningful units.
Working memory
Current term for short-term memory, active processing.
Capacity of STM
Holds 5-9 chunks of information.
Duration of STM
Approximately 30 seconds without rehearsal.
Capacity of LTM
Unlimited storage capacity for memories.
Duration of LTM
Can last more than 30 seconds to forever.
Central executive
Coordinates and organizes information in working memory.
Phonological loop
Processes and stores auditory information.
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Stores and manipulates visual and spatial information.
Episodic buffer
Links information across domains for integrated memory.
Miller's magic number
The capacity of STM is 7±2 chunks.
Adaptive memory
Memory processes that discard useless information.
Neural changes in LTM
Physical changes in neurons for long-term storage.
