Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose Overview

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to starch, glycogen, and cellulose in plant and animal storage.

Amylopectin

A branched form of starch that increases surface area for enzymes to hydrolyse glycosidic bonds, allowing quick release of glucose.

Starch

A carbohydrate that plants use to store excess glucose; it is insoluble and does not affect water potential.

Glycogen

A polysaccharide that animals use to store excess glucose, found in muscles and the liver.

Hydrolysis

The chemical process of breaking down compounds by the addition of water; in this context, it refers to releasing glucose from starch or glycogen.

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates that are formed from glucose monomers joined by glycosidic bonds.

Cellulose

A major structural component in the cell walls of plants; provides support and allows cells to become turgid.

Glycosidic bonds

Covalent bonds formed between two glucose molecules, which can be 1-4 or 1-6 in nature.

Microfibrils

Strong yet flexible chains formed from cellulose, providing structural support in plant cell walls.

Turgidity

The state of being swollen, especially due to high fluid content; important for plant cell structure.

Quick release of glucose

The ability of both starch and glycogen to be hydrolysed rapidly to provide energy during respiration.