Unit 9- Globalization

Deforestation

Large scale clearing of trees leading to urbanization, urban sprawl, development of suburbs, and extinction of animals due to habitat destruction.

Pollution

Resulting from deforestation, causing erosion, contamination of rivers, and decline in air quality due to industrial activities and fossil fuel usage.

Desertification

Transformation of fertile land into infertile desert-like conditions due to poor land management practices.

Neoliberalism

Emphasis on free market policies, reduced government intervention, exemplified by leaders like Reagan and Thatcher, leading to economic growth but widening rich-poor gap.

Global economic institutions

Such as the World Trade Organization regulating global trade, regional trade agreements like the European Union, and multinational corporations operating across borders.

New communication technologies

Including radio, television, cellular phones, and the internet, reducing geographical barriers and connecting people worldwide.

Energy technology

Transition from coal to petroleum as the main power source, nuclear power as a cleaner alternative, impacting industrial production and global consumer goods demand.

Medical technology

Advancements like antibiotics, vaccines, and birth control leading to reduced mortality rates and global disease prevention.

Agricultural technology

Commercial farming and the Green Revolution introducing GMOs, increasing global food supply but causing soil exhaustion and pollution.