Cuban Migration in US

How many Cubans migrated to the US in the second half of the 1800s?

50,000

What is an example of a job that a skilled worker from Cuba would work on in the US?

Cigar manufacturing

What cities or areas would Cuban immigrants establish communities at in the US?

NYC, New Orleans, Key West, Tampa

When was Cuban’s Republican period?

1902-1959

When was there a slight increase of people leaving Cuba and migrating to the United States?

July 1953

When was the first large scale Exodus of Cuban refugees to the US?

1958

Who led the Cuban rebels during the Cuban Revolution?

Fidel and Raul Castro, and Ernesto Che Guevara

Who was the pro-American Cuban dictator before the Cuban Revolution?

Fulgencio Batista

What was the Cuban Revolutionary group headed by Fidel Castro called?

26th of July Movement

What did the 26th of July Movement end up becoming after the Cuban Revolution?

Communist Party of Cuba

How far is Cuba from the mainland United States?

90 miles / 145 km

How many Cubans have migrated to the mainland United States since Cuba became communist?

1.7 million

How many Cubans have migrated to other countries besides the US since Cuba became Communist?

300,000

What is the first wave of refugees from Cuba called?

Golden Exiles

Where did the Golden Exiles of Cubans get their name from?

Refugees were mainly middle and upper class

What is the name of the Cuban exiles force who was part of the Bay of Pigs invasion?

Brigade 2506

How many members of Brigade 2506 were forced to surrender?

1200

How many members of Brigade 2506 were killed?

100

What was the range of the Golden Exile wave?

January 1959 to October 1962

How many Cubans moved to the United States during the Golden Exile wave?

200,000

What was Operation Peter Pan?

Having children move from Cuba to the US to protect them against the revolution

What was the main point of entry for the Cubans during the Golden Exile wave?

Miami

Where did Cuban exiles of the Golden Exile wave gain their visas?

US embassy in Havana or consulate in Santiago

How did Cubans during the Golden Exile wave mainly come to the United States?

Commercial airlines

When did the US grant visa waivers to Cubans after their relationship with Cuba terminated?

January 3, 1961

What happened in October 1962 that interrupted commercial travel between Cuba and the US?

Cuban Missile Crisis

How many Cubans would cross the Straits of Florida between 1962 and 1965?

6,700

What were the Cubans called who crossed the Straits of Florida between 1962 and 1965?

Boat people / Balseros

How many Cubans would enter the US between 1962 and 1965 from other countries?

55,900

Why would the Cuban government sometimes allow people to leave the island without US authorization?

Could “export” political dissidents and surplus labor

How many people would leave when the Port of Camarioca in Matanzas opened?

4,500

When was the Port of Camarioca in Matanzas opened to allow people to leave?

October 10, 1965

What cities would constitute the “airbridge” between Cuba and the US?

Varadero and Miami

What was the range of the Freedom Flights period between Cuba and the US?

December 1, 1965 and April 1973

How many “Freedom Flights” were there between Cuba and the US?

3,048

How many Cubans moved to the US via the Freedom Flights?

260,600

What is the largest and longest refugee resettlement in US history?

Freedom Flights

Where would the Cubans that migrated via the Freedom Flights mainly settle in the US?

South Florida

What is the name of the third wave of Cuban Migration to the US?

Mariel Exodus / Mariel boatlift

How many Cuban exiles visited Cuba in 1979?

100,000

How many Cubans wanted to leave the country in April 1980?

10,800+

What port did the Cuban government open in 1980 to let people leave?

Mariel

How many people did the Mariel boatlift bring to Key West?

124,800

What type of people are considered scoria by the Cuban government?

Inmates, Prostitutes, Homosexuals

What were the demographics of the people that moved to the US during the Mariel Exodus?

Young, Single, Racially diverse, Working Class, Limited Education

What percentage of people in the Mariel Exodus were common criminals?

<2%

How did the US classify the Cubans that were from the Mariel Exodus?

Entrants (Status pending)

When did the Soviet Union aid to Cuba stop?

1991

How many Cubans arrived to the US via rafts and makeshift boats from January 1990 to July 1994?

13,600

What was the 1984 agreement that Cuba negotiated with the Reagan administration?

20,000 visas per year for Cubans in exchange for returning the undesirables from the 1980 Mariel Exodus

How did the Balsero crisis occur?

Castro’s government would allow anyone to leave the island

When did the Balsero crisis occur?

August 12, 1994

What does Balsero mean?

Rafters

What is the Balsero Crisis also known as?

Mariel II

How many Cuban rafters did the US coast guard intercept in a month from when the Balsero crisis started?

30,900

What US Presidential administration had to tackle the Balsero crisis?

Clinton Administration

Who was the governor of Florida during the Balsero crisis?

Lawton Chiles

When did Lawton Chiles announce there was a state of emergency in Florida during the Balsero Crisis?

August 18, 1994

Where did President Clinton order the US Coast Guard to send the Balsero rafters to?

Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

What is the nickname of Guantanamo Bay?

Gitmo

How many rafters did the US Coast Guard intercept from the Balsero Crisis on August 22?

2,333

How many rafters did the US Coast Guard intercept from the Balsero Crisis on August 23?

2,886

When did the US and Cuba bilateral talks first occur to end the Balsero Crisis?

September 1-10 1994

What is the aftermath of the Balsero Crisis?

1984 Agreement renewed and Cubans at Gitmo would be admitted

Who was the Attorney General of the United States in 1994?

Janet Reno

What is the wet foot, dry foot policy between US and Cuba?

Cubans who got intercepted while on their boat would be returned, while those who made it to land would be admitted

What President ended the wet foot, dry foot policy?

President Obama

When did the wet foot, dry foot policy end?

January 13, 2017

How many Cubans have been admitted between 1995 and 2015?

650,000

What is the Cuban Adjustment Act of 1966?

Cuban nationals who have been in the US for one year can apply for green card