chapter 21 pharmacology

aer/o (aerosol)

air

alges/o (analgesic)

sensitivity to pain

bronch/o (bronchodilator)

bronchial tube

chem/o (chemotherapy)

drug

cras/o (idiosyncrasy)

mixture

cutane/o (subcutaneous)

skin

derm/o (hypodermic)

skin

erg/o (synergism)

work

esthes/o (anesthesia)

feeling sensation

hist/o (antihistamine)

tissue

-amine

nitrogen containing compound

hypn/o (hypnotic)

sleep

iatr/o (iatrogenic)

treatment

lingu/o (sublingual)

tongue

myc/o (erythromycin)

mold, fungus

narc/o (narcotic)

stupor

or/o (oral)

mouth

pharmac/o (pharmacology)

drug

prurit/o (antipruritic)

itching

pyret/o (antipyretic)

fever

thec/o (intrathecal)

sheath (of brain and spinal cord)

tox/o (toxic)

poison

toxic/o (toxicology)

poison

vas/o (vasodilator)

vessel

ven/o (intravenous)

vein

vit/o (vitamin)

life

ana- (anaphylaxis)

upward, excessive, again

-phylaxis

protection

anti- (antidote)

against

-dote

what is given

ACE inhibitor

Lowers blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

amphetamine

Central nervous system stimulant.

analgesic

Relieves pain

androgen

Male hormone

anesthetic

Reduces or eliminates sensation; general and local.

angiotensin II receptor blocker

Lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels.

antacid

Neutralizes acid in stomach

antibiotic

Chemical substance, produced by a plant of microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or destroy organism in the body. (anitfungals, cephalosporins, erythromycin, tetracycline, antituberculars, penicillin, etc.)

antiarrhythmic

Treats abnormal heart rhythms.

anticoagulant

Prevents blood clotting.

anticonvulsant

Prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity)

antidepressant

Relieves symptoms of depression.

antidiabetic

Drug given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus.

antidiarrheal

Prevents diarrhea

antiemetic

Prevents nausea and vomiting.

antihistamine

Blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy.

antinauseant

Relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic.

antiplatelet

Reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot.

antiulcer

Inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach.

antiviral

Act against viruses such as herpesviruses and HIV.

aromatase inhibitor

Reduces strogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme aromatase.

bactericidal

Kills bacteria (-cidal means to kill)

bacteriostatic

Inhibits bacterial growth.

beta-blocker

Blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining the blood vessels, bronchial tubes; antiarrhthymic, antianginal, and antihypertensive.

bisphophonate

Prevents bone loss in osteoporosis and osteopenia.

caffeine

Central nervous system stimulant.

calcium channel blocker

Blocks entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lignin of blood vessels; used as an antiarrhthyic, antianginal, and antihypertensive. (calcium antagonist)

cardiac glycoside

Increases the force of contraction of the heart.

cardiovascular drug

Acts on the heart and blood vessels. Ace inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, cholesterol lowering drugs or statins, and diuretics.

cathartic

Relieves constipation.

cholesterol-binding drug

Binds to dietary cholesterol and prevents its uptake form the gastrointestinal tract.

cholesterol-lowering drug

Lowers cholesterol by preventing its production by the liver; statin.

diuretic

Increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body; antihypertensive.

emetic

Promotes vomiting

endocrine drug

A hormone or hormone-like drug. (androgens, estrogen's, progestins, SERMs, thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids)

estrogen

Female hormone that promotes development of secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues.

gastrointestinal drug

Relieves symptoms of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract. (antacids, anticuler drugs, antidiarrheal drugs, cathartics, laxatives, purgatives, and antinauseants (antiseptics))

glucocorticoid

Hormone form adrenal cortex that rates blood sugar and reduces inflammation.

hypnotic

Produces sleep or trance-like state.

laxative

Weak cathartic.

help you poop

narcotic

Habit-forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility. (morphine and opium)

progestin

Female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy.

purgative

Relieves constipation; strong cathartic.

respiratory drug

Treats asthma, emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system. (bronchodilators)

sedative

A mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep. (benzodiazepines)

stimulant

Excites and promotes activity. Caffeine and amphetamines are examples.

thyroid hormone

Stimulates cellular metabolism.

tranquilizer

Controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior.

addiction

Physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug.

additive action

Drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.

aerosol

Particles of drugs suspended in air.

anaphylaxis

Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to previously encountered drug foreign protein.

antidote

Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug.

brand name

Commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name.

chemical name

Chemical formula for a drug.

contraindications

Factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment.

controlled substances

Drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction.

dependence

Prolonged use of a drug that may lead to physiologic need for its actions in the body.

dose

Amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

U.S. government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use.

generic name

Legal noncommercial name for a drug.

iatrogenic

Condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel.

idiosyncratic reaction

Unexpected effect produced in particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people.

inhalation

Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth.

medicinal chemistry

Study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects.

molecular pharmacology

Study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors.

oral administration

Drugs are given by mouth.

parenteral administration

Drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (not digestive tract) (subcutaneous, intravenous, intrathecal, and intracavitary injections)

pharmacist

Specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs.

pharmacy

Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs.