IPPA ~ B (breath), P (percussion), T (tactile fremitus)

Atelectasis (DDD): breath sound, tactile fremitus, percussion, describe xray, where would the trachea move depending on the side of atelectasis

Decreased breath sounds over affected area, decreased tactile fremitus, dullness to percussion, increased whiteness on affected lung region, trachea moved towards affected side

Pneumothorax (DHD): breath sound, tactile fremitus, percussion, describe xray, where would the trachea move depending on the side of pneumothorax, chest movement

Asymmetrical chest movement, decreased tactile fremitus, hyper resonance to percussion, decreased breath sounds over area, absence of vascular markings, trachea will move towards opposite side of pneumothorax

Hyperinflation (DHI): breath sound, tactile fremitus, percussion, patient appearance, xray findings

Use of accessory muscles or barrel chest (increased AP diameter), increased tactile fremitus, hyper resonance to percussion, diminished breath sounds possible wheezing, xray shows increased lung volume, flattening of diaphragm, increased retrosternal air space

Interstitial lung disease/interstitial fibrosis (D or c, DN): breath sound, tactile fremitus, percussion, describe xray

Normal tactile fremitus, normal to slightly dull percussion note, crackles or diminished breath sounds possible, xray shows reticular or modular patterns and honeycomb

CHF (CDD): breath sounds, xray findings, percussion

Signs of fluid overload, pulmonary edema, jvd, increased cardiothoracic ratio (>0.5) of whole diameter, fluffy, big heart, dullness due to pleural effusion, crackles at lung base, xray shows cardiomegaly, kerley b lines, pulmonary edema, possible pleural effusion

Pleural effusion (DDD): breath sounds, tactile fremitus, percussion note, xray findings , what does it need to be confirmed by

Decreased breath sounds on affected side, decreased tactile fremitus over the effusion, dullness to percussion note, possible bulging intercostal spaces, xray shows blunting of costophrenic angles, meniscus, needs to be confirmed with lateral decubitus

Pulmonary consolidation (DDI): main cause, signs, tactile fremitus, breath sounds, xray findings

Bacterial pneumonia as main cause, fever, cough, decreases breath sounds, increased tactile fremitus over the consolidation, dullness to percussion on area, bronchial breath sounds and possible crackles, xray shows whiteness in the affected lobe and air bronchogram may be visible