Histology: Cartilage and Bone

what are the 3 types of cartilage?

hyaline cartilage

elastic cartilage

fibrocartilage

osteocytes extend cytoplasmic processes into canaliculi and communicate with each other through

GAP junctions

what does this show

decalcified compact bone

rings within osteon

concentric lamella

containing processes of osteocytes to communicate with each other

cannaliculi

label the parts of the ground section of compact bone

how does compact bone get nutrients?

osteonal capillary (blood vessels)

what is this

spongy bone

label the parts of the compact bone

spongy bone has a ____________ matrix but it does NOT have

lamellated

Haversian or interstitial lamellae

how do nutrients get into spongy bone?

diffusion

bone organ refers to

bone tissue, hemopoietic tissue, fat tissue, blood vessels, nerves, articualr cartilage

identify the different types of bone

types of growth for bone?

appositional

types of growth in cartilage

appositional and interstitial

bloody supply for cartilage

avascular

blood supply for bone

vascular

Paget disease is caused by

overactive osteoclast

osteopetrosis is caused by a defect in

osteoclast function (little bone resorption)

osteoporosis is caused by a decrease in

osteoblast activity

what is this?

synovial joint (specialized adult CT)

what kind of cartilage is found in the synovial joint?

articular cartilage (no perichondrium)

herniated disc is caused by defect in the

fibrocartilage

osteoarthritis is caused by defect in

hyaline carilage (degradation of articular cartilage)

osteoarthritis is caused by

overuse and mechanical stress

hyaline cartilage is found in

fetal, articular respiratory, costal rib

hyaline cartilage function

resist compression cushioning

hyaline cartilage matrix

collagen II

aggrecan (lots of bound water)

which types of collagen have perichondrium?

hyaline (except articular)

elastic

what is perichondrium?

fibrous covering on top of cartilage tissues

what is appositional growth?

from perichondrium, form at surface

increases in girth

what is interstitial growth

cell division within matrix

increases length and girth

isogenous groups

descendants from a single cell

fibrocartilage is a combination of

dense connective tissues and hyaline cartilage

portion of the nucleus pulposus protrudes into the intervertebral foramen, pressing on one of the spinal nerves in the process

herniated disc

what is the outer component vs inner component of the intervertebral disc called

outer: anulus fibrosus

inner: nucleus pulposus

arthritis is caused by

degradation of articular cartilage

elastic cartilage location

ear, larynx (epiglottis)

elastic cartilage function

flexible support

elastic cartilage matrix

collagen II

aggrecan

elastic fibers

fibrocartilage location

IVC, mensicus, TMJ

fibrocartilage function

resist compression

resist shearing forces

fibrocartilage matrix

collagen II

collagen I

versican, aggrecan

what are organic and inorganic components of bone extracellular matrix?

organic: collagen I + proteoglycan

inorganic: hydroxyapatite

function of bone

support

calcium & phosphate storage

mature compact bone is composed of

osteons (Haversian system)

what are the bone making cells?

osteoprogenitor cells

osteoblast

osteocyte

what are the bone resorption cells?

osteoclast

space created by osteoclast resorption is called

Howship’s lacuna

what is this?

scanning EM of osteoclast

describe the steps of resorption in localized areas.

1. decalcify through acidification

2. degradation of bone matrix

   1. clean up: recycle (endocytosis)

identify the bone disease:

• low bone mass, structure deterioration of bone tissue

• bone fragility and more susceptible to fracture

osteoporosis

identify the bone disease:

• increased bone mass, due to defect osteoclast function

• bone fragility (susceptible to fracture)

• unerrupted teeth

osteopetrosis

identify the bone disease:

• increased bone remodeling, overactive osteoclast

• softer bone (susceptible to fracture)

paget disease

osteoporosis can be caused by high dose treatment of

corticosteroid

what is this?

hyaline cartilage

what is this?

elastic cartilage

what is this?

fibrocartilage

hyaline