APUSH period 3 EXAM review

period 3

1754-1800

what was the first world war

the seven years war (FRENCH AND britain WAR)

what war was before the French and Britain war

french and indian war (1754-1763)

why did the 7 years war start

territorial disputes in Ohio river valley and between the new world (british and the french)

when British people come from Europe they had to expand, threatening French and Indian trade networks + american Indian autonomy

french and British allied with who

many native tribes (colony armies w native Americans)

how did the French and indian war start

at FORT NECESSITY 1754 (British lost)

Who led the battle of fort necessity

george Washington

battle of Monongahela 1755

french: 400 troops

British :1300 troops

*Britain should have enough power to win, but they still lose like majority of the battles

British battled in conventional lines, while French and Indians had gorilla warfare tactics

britiain key victories

-battle of quebec 1759

-battle of montreal 1760

how did the French and british war end

the treaty of Paris being signed in 1763

two big outcomes of 7 years war

1) French lost almost all of their territorial claims in the Americas (split up between the british and the spanish)

2) made Britain and France broke (resulted in the imposition of New taxes on America)

what did the 7 years war cause for france

a financial crisis that led to the French revolution

colonial opposition

imperial officials attempting to prevent colonists from moving westward

-natives still wanted to trade with Europeans and resist encroachments of colonists tribal lands

what were the causes of the American revolution

1) Philosophical causes

2) direct causes (British taxation)

why would the different diversities of colonies come together to start a revolution

1) COMMON ENEMY

-desire for self governance: colonists wanted more control over their own laws and desions

-shared identity: they began to see themselves as Americans rather than British subjects

-growth of middle class: a growing middle class of merchants and farmers wanted more economic and personal freedom

1764 the sugar act

-how British imposed tax on imported sugar their colonies in America

1765 the stamp act

required colonists to purchase stamped paper for any document

1767 Townshend acts

put taxes on imported goods for towns like paper, paint, and tea

sons of liberty

a group who boycotted and protested against the british b/c they had no representatives to voice their concerns

stamp act Congress

representatives from several colonies protest the stamp act imposed from Britain

what did ben Franklin do

helped rally colonists into 1 united culture

Boston Massacre 1770

continued British military presence in the colonies

-english soldiers wanted to revolt colonists, killing five

1773 tea act

britain passed this to put a tax on tea (everyone was drinking that at the time so dayum)

boston tea party 1773

colonists dumped all the tea into the British harbor , leading to the intolerable acts

1774 intolerable acts

closed the British harbor and gave a hit to local governments power

they weren’t going to tolerate the colonies pretty much

direct causes of American revolution

-sugar act

stamp act

boston tea part

Boston massacre

-intolerable acts

-townshed acts

-westward expansion and enlightenment

enlightment ideas

getting spread from europe to colonies

John Locke: second treatise book, argued that everyone is born with natural rights to life , liberty, and property

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: the social contract book, argued that when people live under a government they enter the social contract book (giving some of their freedoms for government benefits)

Baron de Montesquieu: the spirit of laws book, argued there should be a separation of powers (3 bracnhes)

voltaire and Thomas Hobbes

argued against european government style and favored a more republican style government

thomas Paine common sense

directly petitioned colonists to declare independence from Britain (have common sense yo)

-said a republican government based on the consent of the people was the best form of government

-the British monarchy was tyrannical and harmful to the colonies interests

who wrote the declaration of independance in 1776

thomas jefferson

first continental Congress 1774

a response to the intolerable acts by britain

battle of lexington and concord 1775

militia men engage w/British troops

second continental Congress 1775

colonists tried to fix having no army, establishing the continental army

however the army led by george Washington was filled with militia men who had no former military experience

so Britain won almost every battle

battle of trenton 1776

washingtons surprise attack causing the colonist to win

how did colonists win battles even if they didn’t have a better army

colonists moral was boosted and forces kept growing in the colonies which caused colonists to win more battles

turning point of revolution

saratoga campaign made the French joking the revolution

battle of yorktown 1781

american and French fought together against the british

how did America come on top

it was the colonists ideological commitment , resilience and assistance sent by european allies

what effect did the American revolution have on society?

abolition movements to get rid of slavery , Anthony wrote books to call for abolition of slavery

only worked in Pennsylvania where they passed an act for the gradual abolition of slavery (1780)

womens role in the revolution

nurses, seamstresses, and managing households in their husbands absence

-increased participation along w/ enlightment inspired feminism by Mary Wollstonecraft, causing women to cause for expanded roles in society

-abigail Adams, judith murray

republican motherhood

called on women to teach republican values within the family and granted women a new importance in American political culture

how are the colonies governing themselves after the revolution

states implemented their own state constitutions , placing power in a legislative branch (only people who owned property could vote)

articles of confederation

created a central government for handling common concerns of the states

-diplomacy, defense, managing western territories (WEAK THO BC THEY COULDNT RLLY ENFORCE IT)

federalism

an idea that combines a general government w/ regional governments in a single political system

the constitution

made a more central government

the federalist papers 1788

written by Hamilton and madison

arguing a strong central government was necessary

-create a perfect union

anti-federalists

partick Henry and george mason

-argued that the constitution didn’t address states and individual rights enough, wanting a weaker central government

bill of rights 1789

federalists promised the first 10 amendments to the United States

-emphasized individual rights and restricted powers of the federal government to please anti-federalist groups

10 amendments

1- Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, the press, assembly, and the right to petition the government. 

Second Amendment: Protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms. 

Third Amendment: Prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent, except in cases as prescribed by law. 

Fourth Amendment: Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. 

Fifth Amendment: Guarantees rights in criminal cases, including the right to due process, protection against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and the right to a grand jury indictment. 

Sixth Amendment: Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial, the right to an attorney, and the right to confront witnesses. 

Seventh Amendment: Guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases. 

Eighth Amendment: Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment. 

Ninth Amendment: States that the enumeration of specific rights in the Constitution does not mean that other rights, not specifically mentioned, are not also protected. 

Tenth Amendment: Reserves powers not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, or to the peopl

the great compromise 1787

house of representatives was based on population

senate was based on equal voting rights

who was Americas first president

george Washington

-established the executive cabinet, federal court system, important precedents

who led federalists

alexander Hamilton

favoring a strong central government

pro British policy

who led democratic republican party

tomas Jefferson and James Madison

-advocated for state rights

-pro French policy

washingtons farewell address 1796

warned the nation against political factions fearing they would divide the country

-advised against becoming entangled in permanent foreign alliances

impressment

the British royal navy forcibly seized men and forced them into naval service

the American civil war 1861

caused by western expansion