Lab 1 anat and phys

Planes

Transverse, Horizontal, Median (midsaggital plane), Sagittal Plane

Directional Terms

Cranial, caudal, rostral, dorsal, ventral, lateral, medial superficial, deep, palmar plantar, proximal, distal

Thorax

upper body cavity

Abdomen

Dorsal body cavity

Set of tail

Base of tail

Pinna

External ear (ossicle)

Crown

Top of head

Orbit

Eye socket

Stop

Divit between eyes

Muzzle

Nose

Throatlatch

Adam’s apple

Carpus

Wrist

Metacaprus

Palm

Digits

fingers

Elbow

You should know what a f*cking elbow is

Tarsus

Ankle

Metatarsus

Sole

Crest

Back of neck

Withers

Between shoulder blade

Hindfoot and forefoot

Rear and front feet

Dewclaw

Thumb

Leg/thigh

it’s a leg, it’s a thigh. What are u stupid

Forearm

Between hand and elbow

Flank

Side of animal behind ribs, holds up internal organs and supports weight

Stifle

Knee equivalent, L

Hock

Ankle/heal equivalent, M

Palpation

Technique where use hands to feel body

4 stomachs of ruminent

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

Rumen

1st stomach, microbes ferment plant fiber like cellulose

Reticulum

2nd stomach, forms cud, sends to mouth for rechewing

Omasum

3rd stomach, absorbs water/salts from food

Abomansum

4th stomach, true stomach, acids/enzyme finish digestion

Mustelid

Mink/otter fam

Tissues (epithelial)

Squamous, cuboidal, pseudostratified, columnar, and transitional

4 main tissue types

Epithelial, connective, muscular, neural

Simple vs stratified

1 layer vs 2 layer

Connective tissue types

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

4 types of primary tissue

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Neural/nerve

Epithelial types

Lung, epidermis/skin, kidney tubules, small intestine, pseudostratified columnar

Lung (epithelial)

1 layer, squamous, can type of tissue can also be seen in heart

Epidermis/skin (epithelial)

Stratified squamous

Kidney Tubules (epithelial)

1 layer, cuboidal, also found in glandular ducts

Small Intestine (epithelial)

Simple columnar, not ciliated, has GLOBET CELLS (circular) that release mucous, also in stomach

Pseudostratified Tissue

1 layer, ciliated at tip, also in trachea, cilia moves trapped particles across body

Connective Tissue

Dense regular, hyaline cartilage, blood

Dense regular (CT)

In tendon

Hyaline cartilage (CT)

In trachea, has empty spaces, fibrocartilage in intervertebral disk, elastic cartilage in auricle

White blood cells

Here

Red blood cells

Here

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary, striated, long and cylindrical, mutlinuclei

Cardiac muscle

Short, branched, uninucleate, involuntary, striated, INTERCALCATED DISKS (coordinate heart beat)

Smooth muscle

Involuntary, not striated, spindle

Nervous tissue

Has neurons (main part), dendrites (lines), neuroglia is white bubble with neuron (supporting)

Loose vs dense CT location

(beneath epithelia, hypodermis, blood vessels, organs, nerves) vs (tendons and ligaments)

Pectoralis Major

In red

Pectoralis Minor

In blue

Latissmus dorsi

In yellow

External Oblique

In green

Rectoral abdominis

in black

Triceps (long)

In green, looking right, lateral (outside), forelimb

Triceps (lateral)

In red, looking right, lateral (outside), forelimb

Dorsoepitrochlearis

In blue, looking right, lateral (outside), forelimb

Biceps Brachii

In red, looking left, Medial (underside), forelimbs

Carpal extensor muscle

Moves palm up, blue, medial (underside), forelimb, looking left

Carpal flexor muscles

Moves palm down, green, medial (underside), forelimb, looking left

Gluteus Maximus

Blue, outside (lateral), looking right, hindlimb

Tensor Fascia Latae

Red, outside (lateral), looking right, hindlimb

Vastus Lateralis

Purple, under, temporal fascia latae, outside (lateral), looking right, hindlimb

Biceps Femoris

Yellow, outside (lateral), looking right, hindlimb, SEMITENDINOSUS above it, CAUDOFEMORALIS next to semi

Sartorius

Green, outside (lateral), looking right, hindlimb, wraps around

Gracilis

Green, underside of thigh, above gastrocnemuis

Gastrocnemius

Green, shin bone, below gastrocnemuis

Extensor muscles

Increases angle, cranial and dorsal

Flexor muscles

Decrease angles, caudal and ventral (palmar)

Origin

Proximal to trunk, stiff

Insertion

Distal to trunk, movable

Adduction

Brings limb closer to medial plane

Abduction

Brings limbs further from from medial plane